when filling a flask to measure the density of a sugar water solution, a student leaves an air bubble at the top of a 20.7 mL flask. How will the density the student calculates differ from the actual density?

density = mass/volume.

The air bubble means that the solution is more concentrated than if the flask had been filled with water, therefore, the measured density will be higher than the actual density. Or looking at it another way, the air bubble means the volume is smaller and mass/smaller volume = larger density.