1. She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.

(Can we use 'spoiled' instead of 'ruined'?)

2. boil (water changes into moist)
2-2. boil (water changes into moisture)

(Which definition is right?)

3. He doesn't care about his family.
He is not worried about his family.
He is not concerned about his family.
He doesn't worry about his family.
He doesn't feel anxious about his family.
He doesn't mind about his family.

(Are they all the same? Do you have some more similar expressions?)

4. He knew the words by heart.
He knew the words by memory.
He learned the words by heart.
He memorized the words.
(Are they all the same?)

5. Will you help me prepare for the party?

5-2. Will you help me prepare the party?

(Are both the same? Which expressions do you prefer, 'prepare for' or 'prepare'?)

6. Who is taller, Tom or Ted?
6-2. Which is taller, Tom or Ted?
(Are both OK?)

7. What does this sign stand for?
What does this sign symbolize?
What does this sign represent?
(Are they all the same?)

Yes, spoiled can be used in the same place as ruined.

#2. Neither is a definition. You can say, Boiling causes water to evaporate.

Water will boil at 212 degrees.

#3 All of those but the last one are generally used.

#4 All of those are used.

#5 Both of those are correct, but the first is most often used. You can also say "get ready for"

#6 Since you are talking about a person, you would use "who". If you were talking about a thing, you would use "which".

#7. Yes, all of those are used.

In #3, the first one doesn't mean the same as all the others.

In 4, 5, and 7, yes, all the sentences in each group mean the same as the others in that group.

boiling water changes it into vapor (steam).

However, for # 6 you will hear "Which one is the taller" when there are 2 being compared.

Sra

1. Yes, you can use 'spoiled' instead of 'ruined' in the sentence "She poured water all over my painting and spoiled it." Both 'ruined' and 'spoiled' convey the idea that the painting was significantly damaged.

2. The correct definition for 'boil' is: to change from a liquid to a vapor by heating. The phrase "water changes into moist" is not an accurate definition for boiling. 'Moist' refers to the state of something being slightly wet or damp, whereas boiling refers to the process where a liquid turns into a vapor.

3. The expressions "He doesn't care about his family," "He is not worried about his family," "He is not concerned about his family," "He doesn't worry about his family," "He doesn't feel anxious about his family," and "He doesn't mind about his family" all convey a similar idea that the person lacks concern or regard for their family. However, there can be slight differences in intensity and connotation between these expressions.

4. The expressions "He knew the words by heart," "He knew the words by memory," "He learned the words by heart," and "He memorized the words" all convey the idea that someone has committed something to memory. While they have similar meanings, 'knowing something by heart' and 'memorizing something' specifically suggest that the information is remembered completely and accurately.

5. The expressions "Will you help me prepare for the party?" and "Will you help me prepare the party?" have slightly different meanings. "Prepare for the party" implies assisting in organizing and getting ready for the party, while "prepare the party" suggests taking on the responsibility of organizing and arranging the party on your own. The preferred expression would depend on the specific context and the level of involvement desired from the person being asked.

6. Both "Who is taller, Tom or Ted?" and "Which is taller, Tom or Ted?" are grammatically correct and convey the same meaning. The choice between 'Who' and 'Which' would depend on whether you are referring to people or things.

7. The expressions "What does this sign stand for?" "What does this sign symbolize?" and "What does this sign represent?" all inquire about the meaning or significance of a specific sign. While they are similar in meaning, 'stand for' could also imply the purpose or function of the sign, while 'symbolize' and 'represent' specifically refer to the meaning or representation conveyed by the sign.