what atoms usually form coordinate covalent bonds
i couldn't find this anywhere
also
i just want to make sure
is the electronegativity difference range for polar covalent bonds .4 - 2.1 paulings?
yes on the electronegativeity
coordinate covalent bonds?Often these contain oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and halide ions. The most common ligand is water(containing oxygen), then ammonia (NH3), then anions fluorides, chlorides.
To determine which atoms usually form coordinate covalent bonds, we need to understand what these bonds are. Coordinate covalent bonds occur when one atom, known as the Lewis acid, donates a lone pair of electrons to another atom, known as the Lewis base.
Atoms that commonly form coordinate covalent bonds include transition metals and elements found in the p-block of the periodic table. Transition metals often have empty d orbitals that can accept electron pairs from Lewis bases. Elements from the p-block can act as Lewis bases and form coordinate covalent bonds when they have lone pairs available for donation.
Regarding the electronegativity difference range for polar covalent bonds, your understanding is correct. The electronegativity difference between two atoms in a molecule determines the type of bond formed. Generally, a difference in electronegativity between 0.4 and 2.1 on the Pauling scale indicates a polar covalent bond. If the difference is less than 0.4, the bond is considered nonpolar covalent, and if the difference is larger than 2.1, the bond is considered ionic.
Remember that this range is a general guideline, and there are exceptions based on factors such as molecular geometry and the presence of multiple bond types in a molecule. Nonetheless, the 0.4 - 2.1 electronegativity difference range is commonly used to classify polar covalent bonds.