describe the changes that occurred in europe during the renaissance
http://weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/beginning_of_the_renaissance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance
During the Renaissance, Europe underwent profound social, cultural, and intellectual transformations. Here are some of the key changes that occurred:
1. The Rebirth of Classical Knowledge: Scholars and artists rediscovered the ancient knowledge of Greece and Rome, leading to a shift in focus from medieval teachings to the study of classical literature, philosophy, and art. This renewed interest in the ancient world laid the foundation for a new intellectual movement.
2. Humanism: Humanism emerged as a dominant intellectual and cultural movement during the Renaissance. It emphasized the importance of human potential, individualism, and the pursuit of knowledge. Humanist thinkers advocated for a secular and rational approach to life, challenging the religious authority that had dominated the Middle Ages.
3. Scientific Advancements: The Renaissance witnessed significant advancements in science, driven by a spirit of inquiry and observation. Scholars, such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Vesalius, made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy, physics, and medicine. This led to a paradigm shift in how people understood the natural world, challenging long-established beliefs.
4. Artistic Revolution: Artists of the Renaissance created masterpieces that showcased skill, creativity, and new techniques. They broke away from the flat, religiously focused art of the Middle Ages and embraced naturalism, perspective, and anatomical accuracy. The works of renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael continue to be celebrated today.
5. Printing Press and the Spread of Ideas: The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the way information was disseminated. Books became more accessible, leading to an exponential increase in literacy. This accelerated the spread of ideas, facilitated scientific advancements, and encouraged the questioning of traditional knowledge.
6. Expansion of Trade and Exploration: Renaissance Europe witnessed a rise in commerce and exploration. The development of navigational instruments and ships, such as the caravel, enabled European explorers to venture into new territories, discover new trade routes, and establish colonies. This period marked the beginning of the Age of Exploration, which had significant long-term impacts on both Europe and the world.
To learn more about the specific changes and developments during the Renaissance, exploring historical texts, literary works, artwork, and scholarly studies can provide in-depth insights into this transformative period in European history.