According to Courtwright, criminal rates were exceedingly high in the nineteenth century before TV, movies, and rap videos had been created.What were some of the other factors that provoked violence? Do you think that these factors still cause violence today?

does it actually say "crime rates" or "violent crime rates" and are these numbers for the USA only?

violent crime rates" and they are numbers for the USA only?

According to Courtwright's theory, while the absence of modern forms of media such as TV, movies, and rap videos may have contributed to lower rates of violence in the 19th century, there were other factors at play that provoked violence. Here are some of the factors Courtwright identified:

1. Alcohol: Courtwright argued that widespread alcohol consumption, often at excessive levels, contributed significantly to violence. The prevalence of alcohol abuse increased during the 19th century due to factors like urbanization, immigration, and industrialization.

2. Historical trauma: Courtwright suggested that 19th-century violence was influenced by the historical trauma experienced by various groups, such as the Native American displacement, African American slavery, and the effects of the Civil War. These traumatic experiences could lead to intergenerational violence.

3. Cultural norms: Courtwright also emphasized the role of cultural norms and values prevalent during the time. Honor cultures, prevalent in the South and the frontier, promoted violence as a means to defend one's reputation or maintain social standing.

4. Economic inequality: High levels of poverty and economic inequality were common during the 19th century. These factors could contribute to unrest, desperation, and increased incidences of crime and violence.

As for whether these factors still cause violence today, it is essential to note that societal dynamics have significantly changed since the 19th century. While some factors may still be relevant, others may have diminished in significance or been replaced by new challenges. For example:

1. Alcohol: Although alcohol abuse continues to be associated with violence, modern societies have implemented stricter regulations, awareness campaigns, and treatment options to address this issue.

2. Historical trauma: Past traumas still impact societies today, but the ways in which violence manifests as a response may have evolved or become more complex.

3. Cultural norms: Societal norms undergo continuous transformation, and while violence can still be driven by notions of honor or social standing in some contexts, many societies actively discourage violence and promote conflict resolution.

4. Economic inequality: Economic inequality remains a significant issue worldwide and has been linked to various societal problems. While it can contribute to violence, the relationship between the two is multifaceted and varies across different societies.

It is important to recognize that violence today is influenced by a wide range of factors, including social, psychological, economic, and political aspects. These are complex issues that require ongoing study and analysis to fully understand and address.