1. Why is benzoic acid more soluble in water than in octane?
My thought: Benzoic acid, a carboxylic is a polar compound and is more likely to be soluble in water as water is polar while octane is not.
2. Describe two properties that alcohols and carboxylic acids share?
My thought: 1. Both of them have hydrogen bonds. 2. They had high boiling points?
3. Which one is more soluble in water? Carboxylic acids or hydrocarbons?
My guess: Carboxylic acids?
Thank you!
1. The answer looks good.
2. I would change the second reason about high boiling points to "they have higher than normal boiling points" (due to the H bonding). The H of COOH and the H of OH is acidic on both although COOH is much more acidic.
3. How can you give such a great answer to 1 and not know the answer to 3 instantly. Benzoic acid in #1 is phCOOH, a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids are polar. So ....
1. Your thought is correct. Benzoic acid is more soluble in water than in octane because it is a polar compound. Water is also polar, allowing for stronger interactions between the molecules of benzoic acid and water, leading to higher solubility. Octane, on the other hand, is nonpolar and lacks the ability to form strong interactions with the polar molecules of benzoic acid.
2. Your first thought is correct. Both alcohols and carboxylic acids have hydrogen bonding capabilities. Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen atoms are bonded to highly electronegative atoms (such as oxygen). This leads to stronger intermolecular forces between molecules, resulting in higher boiling points and increased solubility in polar solvents.
As for your second thought that alcohols and carboxylic acids have high boiling points, this is partly true. Compared to other organic compounds, alcohols and carboxylic acids generally have higher boiling points due to the presence of strong intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding. However, it is important to note that boiling points can vary depending on the size and structure of the alcohol or carboxylic acid molecule.
3. Your guess is correct. Carboxylic acids are generally more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is because carboxylic acids contain polar functional groups (carboxyl group) that can form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules. On the other hand, hydrocarbons lack polar functional groups and therefore have weaker interactions with water molecules, resulting in lower solubility.
1. Why is benzoic acid more soluble in water than in octane?
Your thought is correct. Benzoic acid is a polar compound because of the presence of the carboxyl group (-COOH), which has a dipole moment. Water, being a polar solvent, can form hydrogen bonds with the polar carboxylic acid molecules, allowing for solubility. On the other hand, octane is a nonpolar hydrocarbon and cannot form strong attraction or interactions with polar compounds like benzoic acid. Therefore, benzoic acid is more soluble in water than in octane.
2. Describe two properties that alcohols and carboxylic acids share?
Your first thought is correct. Both alcohols and carboxylic acids have hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding occurs due to the presence of a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.
The second property that alcohols and carboxylic acids share is related to their acidity. Both can potentially donate a hydrogen ion and act as weak acids. Carboxylic acids are more acidic compared to alcohols due to the presence of the carboxyl group (-COOH), which readily donates a hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution.
3. Which one is more soluble in water? Carboxylic acids or hydrocarbons?
Your guess is correct. Carboxylic acids are more soluble in water compared to hydrocarbons. This is because carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The polarity of the carboxyl group allows for strong attraction and interaction with water, leading to increased solubility. On the other hand, hydrocarbons do not have a polar group that can form hydrogen bonds with water, resulting in lower solubility.