why are diamonds found in kimberlite?

Diamonds are found in kimberlite because kimberlite is a type of volcanic rock that originates deep within the Earth's mantle. Kimberlite is formed by intense volcanic activity that brings rocks and minerals from deep within the mantle up to the Earth's surface.

The formation of diamonds requires very unique and specific conditions. They are formed under high pressure and temperature, typically around 1400 to 1900 degrees Celsius and at depths of 150 to 200 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. Kimberlite magma is brought to the surface through volcanic eruptions, and during this rapid ascent, it can carry diamonds within it.

The reason why diamonds form in the mantle is due to the carbon-rich environment and the extreme pressure found there. Carbon atoms are subjected to high pressures and temperatures, causing them to bond together and form diamond crystals.

When kimberlite magma reaches the surface, it rapidly cools and decompresses. This sudden change in pressure and temperature causes the kimberlite to shatter, releasing its contents, including diamonds, into the surrounding area. These diamond-bearing kimberlite deposits can be found in specific regions known as kimberlite pipes or dikes.

To extract diamonds from kimberlite, mining companies employ various techniques, such as open-pit mining or underground mining, to reach kimberlite deposits. The kimberlite is then crushed and processed to recover the diamonds, which are sorted based on their quality and size.

In summary, diamonds are found in kimberlite because kimberlite is a volcanic rock that originates from deep within the Earth's mantle, carrying diamonds from the carbon-rich environment where they are formed. The volcanic eruptions bring kimberlite to the surface, where it shatters and releases diamonds, leading to the formation of diamond-bearing kimberlite deposits.