Last one. Describe how you would prepare 100ml of a solution that is 22% acetic acid by volume?

Answered above.

To prepare a 100ml solution that is 22% acetic acid by volume, follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the volume of acetic acid needed.
To determine the volume of acetic acid required, you need to know the concentration of the stock acetic acid solution. Let's assume you have a stock solution of acetic acid that is 100% pure. To prepare a 22% acetic acid solution, you will need 22ml of acetic acid.

Step 2: Calculate the volume of solvent required.
Since you want to prepare a 100ml solution and have already determined that 22ml of acetic acid is needed, the remaining volume will consist of the solvent, which in this case is water. Therefore, the volume of water needed will be 100ml - 22ml = 78ml.

Step 3: Mix acetic acid and water.
Pour 22ml of acetic acid and 78ml of water into a container. Stir or shake the mixture until the acetic acid is completely dissolved in the water. Make sure the solution is thoroughly mixed before using or storing.

By following these steps, you can prepare a 100ml solution that is 22% acetic acid by volume.