Discuss why tuberculosis can be described as a "social disease". (3)
Check these sites for information.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION=risk-factors
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/
Tuberculosis, also known as TB, can be described as a "social disease" due to several reasons:
1. Transmission through close contact: Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs. It is an airborne disease, which means it can spread easily when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. These infectious droplets can be inhaled by others nearby, resulting in the transmission of TB. Therefore, the contagious nature of tuberculosis highlights the role of social factors in its spread. Close and prolonged contact with infected individuals, particularly in overcrowded or poorly ventilated spaces, increases the risk of transmission. This emphasizes the importance of social interactions in the spread of the disease.
2. Socioeconomic factors: Tuberculosis disproportionately affects individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Factors such as poverty, malnutrition, overcrowded living conditions, and limited access to healthcare contribute to the prevalence and persistence of tuberculosis in certain social groups. Lack of awareness, education, and knowledge about TB among these populations can also hinder early diagnosis and treatment, further exacerbating the social impact of the disease. Therefore, social determinants play a crucial role in the susceptibility, transmission, and outcome of tuberculosis.
3. Stigma and discrimination: Tuberculosis carries a significant social stigma due to its association with poverty, poor living conditions, and misconceptions about its transmission. Individuals diagnosed with TB may face discrimination, isolation, and exclusion from their communities, schools, or workplaces due to fear and lack of understanding. This stigma can delay seeking medical care, hinder treatment adherence, and impede efforts to control the disease at the community level. Addressing the social dimensions of tuberculosis requires addressing these attitudinal and societal barriers.
Understanding tuberculosis as a "social disease" highlights the need for comprehensive approaches that go beyond medical interventions. Social factors, such as poverty, overcrowding, awareness, and social stigma, significantly influence the control and prevention of tuberculosis. Promoting social equity, improving access to healthcare, and addressing stigma are essential steps in effectively combating this infectious disease.