Describe the following approaches used to organize information about the body. Also provide an example for how each approach is used.
Body planes and directions
Body Cavities
Quadrant and regions
Anatomy and physiology
Microscopic-to-macroscopic
Body systems
Medical speciality
We do not do your work for you, but you could consult your textbook. However, since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "Body planes and directions" to get these possible sources:
http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/a/aa072007a.htm
http://www.oandp.com/news/jmcorner/library/uclamanual/UCLA-01.pdf
http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:qq4IEuPSdSUJ:www.nd.gov/cte/programs/health-careers/ppt/body-planes-directions-and-cavities.ppt+Body+planes+and+directions&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=5&gl=us&client=safari
(Broken Link Removed)
http://www.madsci.org/~lynn/VH/planes.html
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/slice.html
You can do similar searches for your other terms.
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/.
I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.
1. Body Planes and Directions:
This approach involves dividing the body into imaginary planes and using directional terms to describe the relative positions of body parts. Three commonly used planes are the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves, while the frontal plane divides it into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions. The transverse plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections.
Example: When performing a surgery on the abdomen, surgeons often use the transverse plane to divide and access different organs, such as the liver and intestines.
2. Body Cavities:
In this approach, the body is organized into different cavities that contain and protect various internal organs. The main cavities include the cranial, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
Example: The thoracic cavity houses the heart and lungs, protecting them from external damage while allowing for their efficient functioning.
3. Quadrant and Regions:
This approach involves dividing the abdomen into four quadrants (right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower) using intersecting lines, as well as dividing it into nine regions (epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, left lumbar, right iliac, and left iliac).
Example: Medical professionals often use these divisions to identify the specific location of abdominal pain or to pinpoint the site where an organ abnormality is observed.
4. Anatomy and Physiology:
This approach focuses on understanding the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of the human body. It involves studying individual organs, tissues, and cells, as well as the interactions and processes that occur within them.
Example: By analyzing the anatomy and physiology of the heart, doctors can understand how its structure, such as the four chambers and valves, enables its function of pumping blood throughout the body.
5. Microscopic-to-Macroscopic:
In this approach, information about the body is organized by studying structures at different levels of magnification. It starts with examining cells and tissues under a microscope and then progresses to studying organs, systems, and the body as a whole.
Example: By observing microscopic slides of lung tissue, medical researchers can study the cellular composition and identify any abnormalities that may contribute to lung diseases.
6. Body Systems:
This approach categorizes the body into different systems based on the integration and functions of various organs and structures. Examples of body systems include the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and skeletal systems.
Example: The digestive system includes organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, which work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste.
7. Medical Specialty:
Lastly, information about the body is also organized based on medical specialties, which focus on specific areas or organs of the body. Examples of medical specialties include cardiology (heart), dermatology (skin), neurology (nervous system), and orthopedics (bones and muscles).
Example: A cardiologist specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases related to the heart, such as arrhythmias or heart attacks.