Q. When 300ml of TiCl4(gas), at 48 degrees celcius and a pressure of 105.4kPa, is reacted with 0.4320 g of magnesium, 0.4016 g of titanium is produced.
TiCl4(gas) + 2Mg(solid) --> Ti(solid) + 2MgCl2(solid)
Calculate the percentage yield for this reaction
- The answer for this question is 94.43%, but i don't know HOW to get it.
see above.
To calculate the percentage yield of a reaction, you need to compare the actual yield (the amount of product obtained in the experiment) with the theoretical yield (the amount of product that would be obtained if the reaction proceeded perfectly).
In this case, the reaction is given as:
TiCl4(gas) + 2Mg(solid) → Ti(solid) + 2MgCl2(solid)
First, we need to determine the number of moles for each reactant and product involved in the reaction.
1. Calculate the number of moles of TiCl4:
The molar mass of TiCl4 is:
Titanium (Ti): 1 × 47.867 = 47.867 g/mol
Chlorine (Cl): 4 × 35.453 = 141.812 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of TiCl4 = 47.867 + 141.812 = 189.679 g/mol
To determine the number of moles, we use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
Given: mass of TiCl4 = 300 ml = 300 g (since the density of TiCl4 is close to 1 g/ml)
moles of TiCl4 = 300 g / 189.679 g/mol = 1.583 mol
2. Calculate the number of moles of Mg:
The molar mass of magnesium (Mg) is 24.31 g/mol.
Given: mass of Mg = 0.4320 g
moles of Mg = 0.4320 g / 24.31 g/mol = 0.01777 mol
3. From the balanced equation, we see that for every 1 mole of Ti produced, 2 moles of Mg are required. Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio is 1:2 (Ti:Mg).
4. Determine the limiting reactant:
To determine the limiting reactant, we compare the number of moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio. Since we have 1.583 moles of TiCl4 and 0.01777 moles of Mg, we see that Mg is the limiting reactant because it is present in a lesser amount.
5. Calculate the theoretical yield of Ti:
Based on the stoichiometry of the reaction, the ratio of moles of Ti to moles of Mg is 1:2. Therefore,
moles of Ti produced = 2 × (moles of Mg) = 2 × 0.01777 mol = 0.03554 mol
The molar mass of Ti is 47.867 g/mol.
Theoretical yield (mass of Ti) = moles of Ti × molar mass of Ti = 0.03554 mol × 47.867 g/mol = 1.699 g
6. Calculate the percentage yield:
Given: actual yield of Ti = 0.4016 g
To calculate the percentage yield, use the formula:
Percentage yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100
Percentage yield = (0.4016 g / 1.699 g) × 100 = 0.236 % × 100
Therefore, the percentage yield for this reaction is approximately 94.43%.