Describes the origin of metamorphic rocks
Describes how metamorphic rocks are formed.
Lists the two categories of metamorphic rocks.
Describes the distinguishing characteristics between the two categories of rocks.
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http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/meta.html
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10g.html
The origin of metamorphic rocks lies in the process of metamorphism, which is the transformation of pre-existing rocks caused by changes in temperature, pressure, and chemical constituents. Metamorphism occurs deep within the Earth's crust or mantle, where rocks experience high temperatures and pressures. These changes cause the minerals in the rocks to recrystallize and rearrange into new mineral assemblages, resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks are formed through two main processes: contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism. In contact metamorphism, rocks come into direct contact with magma, resulting in heating and alteration of the surrounding rocks. This typically occurs near igneous intrusions, such as volcanic dikes or sills. Regional metamorphism, on the other hand, occurs over a large area and is caused by the tectonic forces that create mountain ranges. The intense pressure and elevated temperatures during regional metamorphism lead to the formation of new minerals and changes in the rock texture.
Metamorphic rocks can be classified into two main categories based on their texture: foliated and non-foliated. Foliated metamorphic rocks have a layered or banded appearance due to the alignment and parallel arrangement of minerals. Examples of foliated rocks include slate, schist, and gneiss. These rocks typically form under high pressure and temperature conditions during regional metamorphism.
Non-foliated metamorphic rocks do not exhibit a layered structure and are formed in the absence of directed pressure. These rocks generally consist of one type of mineral and have a uniform texture. Examples of non-foliated rocks include marble, quartzite, and hornfels. Non-foliated rocks can be formed through both contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism, depending on the specific conditions of their formation.
In summary, metamorphic rocks are formed through the process of metamorphism, which involves changes in temperature, pressure, and chemical composition. They can be classified into two categories: foliated, which have a layered appearance, and non-foliated, which lack a layered structure.