how does the structure of the organ of corti allow for detection of high & low pitches?
why is it possible to lose ability to hear a specific pitch?
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/corti.html
the study of animal with tissue organs and back bone.
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The structure of the organ of Corti, located in the inner ear, plays a crucial role in detecting high and low pitches. It contains specialized sensory cells called hair cells, which are responsible for translating sound vibrations into electrical signals that our brain can interpret as sound.
To understand how the structure allows for detection of different pitches, we need to dive into a few key components:
1. Basilar Membrane: This membrane runs along the length of the cochlea, which is part of the inner ear. It determines the frequency selectivity of the organ of Corti. The basilar membrane is narrower and stiffer at the base near the oval window, and wider and more flexible at the apex. This variation creates a tonotopic organization, meaning that different regions of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies.
2. Hair Cells: The organ of Corti contains two types of hair cells: inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). These hair cells are lined up along the basilar membrane. They have tiny hair-like projections called stereocilia that are connected by tip links.
3. Tectorial Membrane: This gelatinous membrane overlies the organ of Corti and contacts the hair cell stereocilia. When sound vibrations travel through the cochlea, they cause the basilar membrane to move up and down. This motion bends the stereocilia of the hair cells against the tectorial membrane.
As for the ability to lose specific pitches, it is possible due to a phenomenon called "sensorineural hearing loss." This type of hearing loss occurs when there is damage or dysfunction in the hair cells, auditory nerve, or other parts of the auditory pathway. Several factors can contribute to the loss of specific pitches, including exposure to loud noises, aging, genetic factors, certain medications, and diseases.
When certain regions of the hair cells or the auditory pathway are damaged, the brain may no longer receive specific frequency information. Consequently, the ability to hear particular pitches becomes impaired or completely lost. This can lead to difficulties in perceiving sounds within a particular frequency range, resulting in a reduction in hearing sensitivity for those specific frequencies.
To determine the exact cause and potential solutions for hearing loss, consulting with an audiologist or healthcare professional is highly recommended.