The functional groups and substituents in quinine include:

a)amine, ring, hydroxyl
b)amine, cyclohexyl, alkene

I don't see a cyclohexyl group. I see an amine, a ring, and OH group (some may object to it being called a hydroxyl group), so I suppose I would go with a.

To determine the functional groups and substituents in quinine, you can refer to its chemical structure. Quinine is a natural product found in the bark of the cinchona tree and has a complex structure.

The correct answer would be:

a) amine, ring, hydroxyl

To identify these functional groups and substituents, you can follow these steps:

1. Obtain the structure of quinine: You can search for the chemical structure of quinine online or refer to a chemical database or organic chemistry textbook.

2. Analyze the structure: Look for specific features in the structure that correspond to different functional groups and substituents.

For option a):

- Amine: Look for the presence of a nitrogen atom bonded to at least one carbon atom. In quinine, there are multiple amine functional groups present.
- Ring: Examine the structure for any cyclic structures. Quinine contains a large heterocyclic ring system called a quinoline ring.
- Hydroxyl: Identify any oxygen atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Quinine has a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the quinoline ring.

For option b):

- Amine: As mentioned earlier, quinine contains amines.
- Cyclohexyl: Cyclohexyl refers to a cyclohexane ring, which is not present in quinine.
- Alkene: Alkenes are characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond. Quinine does not have an alkene functional group.

Based on the analysis, option a) is the correct answer as it accurately identifies the functional groups and substituents present in quinine.