I know the definition but need help with example and kind of information for direct effects
What definition are you using for "direct effects?"
DIRECT EFFECTS
MODEL
An early theory of
mass communication
which states that all
individual members
of society receive
messages in the same
way and that direct
and uniform
outcomes result.
This site gives the examples of the effects of mass media after the stock market crash of 1929, the radio broadcast of "War of the Worlds," and Hitler's propaganda.
http://books.google.com/books?id=Lv4z9QeIRFAC&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=communication+direct+effects+model&source=web&ots=K2SY816tk1&sig=rNaUVnDx6TfnWUSicW1ocrvk1fo&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
Direct effects refer to the immediate consequences or outcomes that occur as a result of a specific action, event, or decision. These effects are typically more easily observable and can be directly attributed to the cause without any intervening factors.
To understand direct effects better, it might help to consider an example. Let's say you are conducting an experiment to study the impact of a particular fertilizer on plant growth. You divide your plants into two groups: one group receives the fertilizer, and the other group does not (control group).
In this scenario, the direct effects would be the changes in plant growth observed in each group. If the plants that received the fertilizer grew taller and had more leaves compared to the control group, these changes would be considered as direct effects.
To gather information about direct effects in a study or experiment, you would typically collect and analyze data related to the specific variables you are studying. In the fertilizer example, you would measure and compare the height, number of leaves, or any other relevant metrics between the two groups to determine the direct effects of the fertilizer on plant growth.
It is important to note that direct effects can be positive, negative, or have no effect at all, depending on the context. Additionally, direct effects may have implications for other aspects or variables in a larger system or study, such as indirect or long-term effects.