Meiosis reduces chromosome number and rearranges genetic information.
a. Explainhow the reduction and rearrangement are accomplished in meiosis.
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Reduction: the number of chromosomes is halved so that the daughter cells receive only one chromosomes from each type instead of two.
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "meiosis reduction rearrangement" to get these possible sources:
http://en.mimi.hu/biology/meiosis.html
http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/about506.html
http://www.pg.science.ru.nl/pubs/2005_plantbiology7p321.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15711830
http://books.google.com/books?id=pLzY1-wyOKwC&pg=PA321&lpg=PA321&dq=meiosis+reduction+rearrangement&source=web&ots=V6G5iFRxJY&sig=zHBd-oSs8hJyV0HuPOSlKfsCAsE&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3400700277.html
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/.
I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.
In meiosis, the reduction and rearrangement of genetic information are accomplished through two rounds of cell division. The process can be divided into two main stages: meiosis I and meiosis II.
During meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes, which are pairs of similar chromosomes, come together and then separate. This process results in the reduction of the chromosome number from diploid (the normal number of chromosomes in a cell) to haploid (half the number of chromosomes). The steps involved in meiosis I are as follows:
1. Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes come together and form structures called tetrads or bivalents. This allows for crossing over, which is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. Crossing over increases genetic variation.
2. Metaphase I: The tetrads align along the cell's equator (metaphase plate).
3. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. This results in the reduction of chromosome number.
4. Telophase I: The chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set, forming two haploid daughter cells.
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis and involves the separation of sister chromatids. The steps involved in meiosis II are as follows:
1. Prophase II: The chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
2. Metaphase II: The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate.
3. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
4. Telophase II: Chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set, forming four haploid daughter cells.
Overall, meiosis reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid and rearranges genetic information through the processes of crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis I. These processes contribute to genetic diversity by creating unique combinations of genetic material in the resulting haploid cells.