The Smiths have four children, all girls. Their fifth child is a boy. Why did this change occur?

With each birth, there's about a 50-50 chance the child will be a boy.

When the girls were born, the father supplied an X chromosome. A Y chromosome from the father produced a boy.

Check this site.

http://health.yahoo.com/other-other/boy-or-girl-determining-a-baby-s-gender/harvard--COL082001.html

The change occurred because the parents had a son. The probability of having a boy or a girl is approximately 50% for each child. Therefore, the chance of having four girls in a row is (1/2)^4, or 1/16. Conversely, the chance of having a boy after having four girls is also 1/16. While it may seem unlikely to have four girls in a row, it is simply a random occurrence that happens sometimes.