Beginning with an "is" and deducing an "ought" is known as which of the following?

The following what?

health care administrators, plan, direct, coordinate, and supervise the delivery of health care. These workers are either specialists in charge of a specific clinical department or generalists who manage an entire facility or system.

Beginning with an "is" and deducing an "ought" is known as the "is-ought" fallacy. This fallacy is a type of logical error where one tries to derive moral or prescriptive conclusions from descriptive premises. It was famously identified by philosopher David Hume, who argued that there is a distinct difference between statements about how things are (descriptive statements) and statements about how things should be (prescriptive statements). Hume claimed that it is not logically valid to move from a statement about the way things are to a statement about the way things ought to be, as there is a fundamental distinction between facts and values.

For example, consider the statement "Marijuana is illegal, therefore it ought to be illegal." This is an example of the is-ought fallacy, as it assumes that what is currently the case (marijuana being illegal) is inherently morally or ethically right. However, the fact that something is a certain way does not necessarily mean that it should be that way.

To avoid the is-ought fallacy, it is important to recognize and separate descriptive claims about the way things are from prescriptive or evaluative claims about the way things ought to be. Moral and ethical reasoning requires additional justification beyond mere factual observations.