Calculate the pH of concentrated hydrochloric acid if this solution is 24.8 % HCl by weight and has a density of 1.16 g/mL.

density of 1.18 g/mL. So how much does a liter weigh? It must be

1.18 g/mL x 1000 mL = 1180 grams.
How much of that is HCl (the remainder is water)? It is 24.8% HCl by weight so
1180 g x 0.248 = ?? g HCl.
Then convert ?? g HCl to mols and you will have mols/L which is the definition of molarity.
HCl ==> H^+ + Cl^-
Now take the molarity, you know HCl is 100% ionized; therefore, the molarity will be the (H^+) and you can use pH = -log(H^+) to get pH.

To calculate the pH of a hydrochloric acid solution, we need to use the concentration of HCl and convert it to molarity. However, since the solution is given as a weight percent, we need to convert it to grams of HCl per liter of solution first.

Step 1: Convert weight percent to grams per liter:
Given that the solution is 24.8% HCl by weight, we can assume that there are 24.8 g of HCl in 100 g of solution. Therefore, we have 24.8 g of HCl in 100 mL (or 0.1 L) of solution.

To find the grams of HCl per liter, we can set up a proportion:
24.8 g HCl / 0.1 L = x g HCl / 1 L

Solving for x, we get:
x = (24.8 g HCl / 0.1 L) = 248 g HCl / L

So, the concentration of HCl in the solution is 248 g/L.

Step 2: Convert grams to moles:
To convert grams of HCl to moles, we need to use the molar mass of HCl, which is 36.5 g/mol (1 mol HCl = 36.5 g).

So, we have:
(248 g HCl) / (36.5 g/mol) = 6.8 mol HCl

Step 3: Calculate the molarity:
Since we have determined that there are 6.8 moles of HCl in 1 liter of solution, the molarity (M) of the solution is 6.8 M.

Step 4: Calculate the pH:
To calculate the pH, we need to use the equation: pH = -log[H+], where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in mol/L.

In this case, since HCl is a strong acid, it completely dissociates into H+ and Cl- when dissolved in water. Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions is equal to the molarity of the HCl solution.

So, the pH of the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is:
pH = -log(6.8) ≈ -0.83

Therefore, the pH of the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is approximately -0.83.

To calculate the pH of concentrated hydrochloric acid, you need to use the concentration of HCl and the density of the solution. Here are the steps to calculate it:

Step 1: Calculate the molarity of HCl.
Molarity (M) = (concentration in grams/Liter) / molar mass of solute

The molar mass of HCl is 36.461 g/mol. We need to convert the concentration from a percentage to grams per liter. The density can help us in this calculation.

Step 2: Convert the concentration percentage to grams per liter.
Given that the concentration is 24.8% w/w (percentage by weight) and the density is 1.16 g/mL, we can calculate the concentration in grams per liter as follows:

Concentration in g/L = (24.8g HCl / 100g solution) x (1000mL / 1L) x (1.16g/mL)

Step 3: Calculate the molarity of HCl.
From Step 1, we have the concentration in grams per liter. Now, we can divide this value by the molar mass of HCl to get the molarity:

Molarity (M) = (Concentration in g/L) / (Molar mass of solute)

Step 4: Calculate the pH using the molarity.
To calculate the pH, you need to use the equation for strong acids:

pH = -log[H+]

where [H+] is the concentration of H+ ions in moles per liter. Since HCl is a strong acid and dissociates completely in water, the concentration of H+ ions is the same as the molarity of HCl.

Now you can substitute the molarity value into the pH equation to calculate the pH.