which is not an example of +/- interspecific interaction
ectoparasite and host
herbivore and plant
honeybee and flower
pathogen and host
carnivore and prey
The "honeybee and flower" interaction is not an example of +/- interspecific interaction.
To understand this, let's break down the options and discuss what +/- interspecific interaction means. Interspecific interactions involve the relationships between different species within an ecosystem. The +/- sign refers to the effect these interactions have on the populations involved.
1. Ectoparasite and host: This is an example of +/- interspecific interaction. The host is negatively affected (+), suffering from the negative effects of the ectoparasite, while the ectoparasite benefits from the host (+) as it provides resources or habitat.
2. Herbivore and plant: This is another example of +/- interspecific interaction. The herbivore benefits (+) by consuming the plant, while the plant is negatively affected (-) as it loses valuable resources.
3. Honeybee and flower: This interaction is not an example of +/- interspecific interaction, but rather a mutualistic relationship. Honeybees benefit (+) by feeding on nectar and pollen, aiding their survival and reproduction. Meanwhile, flowers also benefit (+) as the honeybees facilitate pollination, aiding in their reproduction. Mutualistic relationships benefit all parties involved, thus not fitting into the +/- framework.
4. Pathogen and host: This is an example of +/- interspecific interaction. The pathogen benefits (+) by infecting and utilizing the resources of the host, while the host is negatively affected (-) by getting sick or even dying.
5. Carnivore and prey: This is also an example of +/- interspecific interaction. The carnivore benefits (+) by hunting and consuming the prey, while the prey is negatively affected (-) as it is killed for food.
In summary, the honeybee and flower interaction does not fit into the +/- interspecific interaction category. It is a mutualistic relationship where both species benefit.