Select all true statements from the following:

a. ) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
b. ) Nonmetals generally react by forming covalent bonds (i.e. sharing electrons) or by gaining electrons to form anions.
c. ) Halogen atoms have the highest ionization energies amongst all groups in the periodic table.
d. ) All nonmetal atoms release energy when forming a 1- anion.

Is the following thinking correct?

a) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
True

b) Nonmetals are generally not reactive.
Sometimes true. The coinage metals (i.e. Cu, Ag, Au, Pt) are not very reactive. Alkali metals are extremely reactive.

c) Metals generally have lower ionization energy than nonmetals.
True. The electrons of metals are easily removed.

d) All nonmetal atoms release energy when forming a 1- anion.
True for halogens. The addition of an electron to an atom to make the anion results in a product with a lower energy. Also look at the heats of formation of anions in aqueous solutions. All are negative, indicating that energy is released.

Is the following thinking correct?

This question was answered below by me and by GK. You may want to scroll down the page. It was posted by Nathan.

a) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
True OK

b) Nonmetals are generally not reactive.
Sometimes true. The coinage metals (i.e. Cu, Ag, Au, Pt) are not very reactive. Alkali metals are extremely reactive.
Some of what you say is true but it doesn't answer the question. In addition, the coinage metals are metals and not non-metals.

c) Metals generally have lower ionization energy than nonmetals.
True. The electrons of metals are easily removed.
Again, much of what you have said here is correct; however, it doesn't anwer the question.

d) All nonmetal atoms release energy when forming a 1- anion.
True for halogens. The addition of an electron to an atom to make the anion results in a product with a lower energy. Also look at the heats of formation of anions in aqueous solutions. All are negative, indicating that energy is released. See what GK and I wrote below.

a. ) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

True

b. ) Nonmetals generally react by forming covalent bonds (i.e. sharing electrons) or by gaining electrons to form anions.
True

c. ) Halogen atoms have the highest ionization energies amongst all groups in the periodic table.
False. Halogens actually have high electron affinities (the ability to gain an electron), but they have low ionization energies (the energy required to remove an electron).

d. ) All nonmetal atoms release energy when forming a 1- anion.
True for halogens.

To determine the accuracy of the statements, we can refer to the actual properties of metals, nonmetals, and halogens, as well as the general behavior of atoms when forming ions.

a) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. This is true. Metals have a high density of free electrons, which allows them to easily conduct heat and electricity.

b) Nonmetals generally react by forming covalent bonds or by gaining electrons to form anions. This statement is true. Nonmetals tend to have a high electronegativity, meaning they attract electrons towards themselves. This makes it favorable for them to either form covalent bonds by sharing electrons or gain electrons to form negatively charged ions (anions).

c) Halogen atoms have the highest ionization energies amongst all groups in the periodic table. This statement is true. Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Halogens such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I) have the highest ionization energies amongst their respective groups in the periodic table.

d) All nonmetal atoms release energy when forming a 1- anion. This statement is true for halogens. When a nonmetal atom gains an electron to form a 1- anion, it releases energy. This is because the added electron stabilizes the atom by filling its outermost electron shell, resulting in a lower overall energy state. However, this may not be true for all nonmetals, as different elements may have different energy changes when forming ions.

In summary, statements a, b, c, and d are all true when considering the general properties and behaviors of metals, nonmetals, and halogens.

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when a halogen atom ionizes, the result is