what is radiation

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Radiation refers to the emission (or transmission) of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. It can be categorized into two main types: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.

Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, causing them to become charged (or ionized). Examples of ionizing radiation include gamma rays, X-rays, and some types of ultraviolet (UV) rays. Ionizing radiation is used in various applications such as medical imaging and radiation therapy, but long-term exposure or high doses can be hazardous to human health.

Non-ionizing radiation, on the other hand, lacks sufficient energy to ionize atoms. It includes radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and certain types of UV rays. Non-ionizing radiation is commonly used for telecommunications (like cell phones and Wi-Fi) and everyday applications (such as lighting and heating). While non-ionizing radiation does not pose as significant of a health risk as ionizing radiation, prolonged exposure to some types can still be harmful, such as excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun causing sunburn or skin cancer.

To understand radiation more comprehensively, one can refer to scientific sources such as textbooks, research papers, or reputable websites that cover the topic in detail. Radiation physics, medical physics, and radiology are fields that extensively study radiation and its effects. Additionally, various organizations like the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO), and National Institutes of Health (NIH) have valuable information on radiation and its potential impacts on health.