1)what is meant by "western" "civilization"?what concepts are unigue aspects of the west?
2) what accounts for the different methods of dating time?
1) Western civilization is considered the development of Europe, starting in the ancient Near Eastern Mesopotamian civilization, continuing through the Greek and Roman times and finishing with modern Europe, Americas and Australia. Rationality and pragmatism, along with Christianity are unique characteristics of the West. Check these sites for more information.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culture
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/clep/ex_wc1.html
http://www.teacheroz.com/WesternCiv.htm#ap
2) I'm not sure I understand this question. But remember all concepts of time are developed by humans and have been influenced by their various cultures.
denmark and greek were not participate this process however they attent the mecanizm of foreign exchange rate
1) "Western civilization" refers to the cultural, social, and intellectual heritage of Western countries, primarily those that have been influenced by European traditions. It encompasses the customs, values, institutions, and achievements of these societies. There are several unique aspects of Western civilization that distinguish it from other cultural traditions:
a) Individualism: Western civilization places a strong emphasis on the rights, freedoms, and autonomy of individuals. This idea of prioritizing individual rights and liberties has played a significant role in shaping Western societies.
b) Democracy: The concept of democracy, where power is vested in the people and citizens have the ability to participate in decision-making processes, is a fundamental aspect of Western civilization.
c) Secularism: Western civilization has witnessed a separation of church and state, leading to the presence of secular institutions and a focus on the rational and scientific approach to knowledge.
d) Rule of law: Western civilizations have developed a legal system based on the rule of law, ensuring equality and justice for all individuals within society.
e) Scientific inquiry and technological advancements: Western civilization has made significant contributions to science and technology, leading to advancements that have transformed various fields.
2) The different methods of dating time are influenced by historical and cultural factors. Here are a few examples:
a) Gregorian Calendar: The Gregorian calendar, widely used in most parts of the world today, was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. It is a solar calendar based on the Earth's revolution around the sun.
b) Islamic Calendar: The Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar, is based on the lunar cycle. It begins with the migration of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE.
c) Buddhist Calendar: The Buddhist calendar varies across different regions, but it is generally based on the Buddhist era, beginning with the Parinirvana (death) of Gautama Buddha.
d) Chinese Calendar: The Chinese calendar, also known as the lunar calendar, combines elements of a lunar and a solar calendar. It is based on the cycles of the moon and the position of the sun.
These different methods of dating time developed due to various cultural, religious, and historical factors, reflecting the diversity of human cultures and traditions around the world.