describe the economic system most common to primitive societies
The economic system most common to primitive societies is known as subsistence economy. In order to understand this system, let's break it down.
A subsistence economy is primarily based on meeting the basic needs of the community or group. The main focus of this economic system is survival rather than generating surplus or profit. Here are some key features:
1. Self-sufficiency: In this system, people rely heavily on their immediate environment for survival. They produce or gather resources such as food, water, shelter, and clothing directly from nature. Hunting, gathering, fishing, and basic agriculture are some of the common activities.
2. Limited specialization: Since the main goal is to fulfill basic needs, there is minimal specialization of labor. Everyone within the community is typically involved in the production process, and people often have multiple roles and responsibilities. For example, individuals may engage in both hunting and gathering activities or take part in agricultural work.
3. Simple technology: Primitive societies generally use simple tools and techniques for resource extraction and production. They rely on manual labor and basic hand tools rather than advanced machinery or technology.
4. Lack of formal exchange: Subsistence economies have limited or no formal systems of exchange. Goods and resources are typically shared within the community based on mutual aid and reciprocity, rather than through monetary transactions.
5. Intergenerational knowledge transfer: Skills, techniques, and knowledge related to survival and resource management are passed down from generation to generation through oral traditions and practical experience.
To learn more about the economic system of primitive societies, you can explore anthropological studies, historical accounts, and ethnographic research conducted on different indigenous cultures around the world.