Given one of the starting materials and end product for each of the following reactions, show all reactants, reaction conditions in brackets (where known) and products.
sorry i know this question has been posted already, but i need help. could you explain to me how to do them.
acetic acid from chloroethane
ethanoic acid from calcium carbide
2-iodopropane from acetone
1-butanol reacts in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid
ethyl ethanoate from ethane
isopropylbenzene from benzene
Sure, I'd be happy to help you with these reactions. Let's break down each reaction step by step and explain how to obtain the desired products.
1. Acetic acid from chloroethane:
To obtain acetic acid from chloroethane, you need to follow these steps:
Reactants: Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) and water (H2O)
Reaction conditions: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, aqueous) or silver oxide (Ag2O)
Products: Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) → CH3COOH + HCl
Explanation: Chloroethane can react with either sodium hydroxide or silver oxide in water. The reaction with sodium hydroxide produces acetic acid and sodium chloride, while the reaction with silver oxide forms acetic acid and silver chloride. In both cases, hydrogen chloride gas is also produced as a byproduct.
2. Ethanoic acid from calcium carbide:
To obtain ethanoic acid from calcium carbide, follow these steps:
Reactants: Calcium carbide (CaC2) and water (H2O)
Reaction conditions: None required
Products: Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) → CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 or CaCO3
Explanation: When calcium carbide is mixed with water, it undergoes a hydrolysis reaction, producing ethanoic acid and either calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate as byproducts.
3. 2-Iodopropane from acetone:
To obtain 2-iodopropane from acetone, follow these steps:
Reactants: Acetone and iodine (I2)
Reaction conditions: Sodium iodide (NaI) in acetone or hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Products: 2-Iodopropane (isopropyl iodide) → (CH3)2CHI
Explanation: Acetone reacts with iodine in the presence of sodium iodide or hydrochloric acid. The reaction substitutes one of the methyl groups in acetone with an iodine atom, forming 2-iodopropane.
4. 1-Butanol reacts in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid:
Given that you only mentioned "1-butanol," it is unclear what specific reactants you are referring to. Could you please provide more information or clarify the question?
5. Ethyl ethanoate from ethane:
To obtain ethyl ethanoate from ethane, you need to follow these steps:
Reactants: Ethane (C2H6) and ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
Reaction conditions: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
Products: Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) and water (H2O) → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Explanation: Ethane reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The reaction results in the formation of ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate), which is an ester, and water.
6. Isopropylbenzene from benzene:
To obtain isopropylbenzene from benzene, follow these steps:
Reactants: Benzene and propylene (CH2=CHCH3)
Reaction conditions: AlCl3 (aluminum chloride) or other Lewis acid catalyst
Products: Isopropylbenzene (cumene) → (CH3)2CHC6H5
Explanation: Benzene reacts with propylene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, typically aluminum chloride. This reaction results in the formation of isopropylbenzene, also known as cumene.