How do meiosis and sexual reproduction (fertilization) produce offspring that differ genetically from the parents?
Describe one example of a human disorder that is inherited and also describe the specific inheritance pattern. For this example, pick disorders that result from mutations in DNA or chromosome number rather than examples such as a genetic tendency for a disorder such as cancer
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "inherited disorder" to get these possible sources:
http://www.answers.com/topic/genetic-disorder?cat=technology
http://science.jrank.org/pages/3596/Inherited-Disorders.html
I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.
I forgot to include this:
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search.
I hope this helps a little more. Thanks for asking.
Choose two structures of bacterial cells and explain how these structures allow bacteria to function as unicellular organisms.
To understand how meiosis and sexual reproduction produce offspring that differ genetically from the parents, let's break it down step by step:
1. Meiosis: Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that occurs in reproductive cells (sperm and egg). It involves two rounds of division, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells. During meiosis, genetic variation is created through two main mechanisms:
a. Independent assortment: The chromosomes pair up and then separate randomly during the first division, leading to different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the resulting gametes.
b. Genetic recombination: During the second division, exchange of genetic material (crossing over) occurs between homologous chromosomes, resulting in new combinations of genetic traits.
2. Sexual Reproduction (Fertilization): Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg) during fertilization to form a zygote. This process introduces even more genetic variation because each parent can contribute a unique set of genes. This combination of genes from both parents results in offspring that differ genetically from either parent or any other individual.
Now, moving on to the second part of your question:
One example of a human disorder that is inherited is cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The CFTR gene provides instructions for the production of a protein that regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. When this gene is mutated, the protein becomes dysfunctional, leading to various health problems.
In terms of inheritance pattern, cystic fibrosis follows an autosomal recessive pattern. This means that both copies of the CFTR gene must be mutated for an individual to develop the disorder. If only one parent is a carrier (has one copy of the mutated gene), the offspring will not have CF but would be a carrier of the condition. However, if both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance for the child to have CF, a 50% chance to be a carrier, and a 25% chance to neither have CF nor be a carrier.
It's worth noting that there are many inherited human disorders, and different disorders may have different inheritance patterns. This example specifically focuses on CF and its autosomal recessive inheritance.