Different measures of disease are useful to evaluate and assess public health programs and needs in different situations. For each of the following situations indicate (1) which measure (from the list below) would best be used, and (2) explain why you chose that measure.
Situations
A. To demonstrate that railroad crossings need to be safer to prevent car-train crashes=I
B. To demonstrate that a primary prevention program is successful =I or P
C. To demonstrate that a new leukemia treatment is successful=C
D. To estimate the healthcare facilities needed to support Alzheimer's patients =P
E. To argue that AIDS is a public health problem=P or I
F. The argue that heart disease should get more funding than AIDS=A
G. To demonstrate that a new screening program for breast cancer is effective=M
Measures of Disease
I=incidence rate
P=prevalence rate
C=case fatality rate
M=mortality rate (crude death rate)
A=absolute number of cases (counts
I place the letters of the measure to each situation. Can someone please take a look at it for me please . Thanks.
I think B. and D. should be P.
http://www.fpnotebook.com/Prevent/Epi/DsPrvlncRt.htm
I agree with your other answers.
Danielle
I have the same problem;I agree with most of your answers, except for F & G. I chose Mortality & Incidence.
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Here is the correct assignment of measures to each situation:
A. To demonstrate that railroad crossings need to be safer to prevent car-train crashes: I (incidence rate)
Explanation: The incidence rate measures the rate at which new cases of a specific disease or event occur within a population over a particular time period. In this situation, the incidence rate would be the most appropriate measure because it allows us to determine the rate at which car-train crashes are happening, helping us assess the need for safer railroad crossings.
B. To demonstrate that a primary prevention program is successful: P (prevalence rate)
Explanation: The prevalence rate measures the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time. In this situation, the prevalence rate would be the most suitable measure because it helps us determine the success of a primary prevention program by showing how many individuals have been affected by the targeted condition since the program's implementation.
C. To demonstrate that a new leukemia treatment is successful: C (case fatality rate)
Explanation: The case fatality rate measures the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific disease who die from it. In this situation, the case fatality rate would be the most relevant measure because it assesses the success of the new leukemia treatment by determining the proportion of patients who survive the disease after receiving the treatment.
D. To estimate the healthcare facilities needed to support Alzheimer's patients: P (prevalence rate)
Explanation: In this situation, the prevalence rate would be the most appropriate measure to estimate the healthcare facilities needed for Alzheimer's patients. The prevalence rate helps determine the number of individuals living with Alzheimer's at a particular time, which is crucial information for estimating the healthcare resources required to support them.
E. To argue that AIDS is a public health problem: P (prevalence rate) or I (incidence rate)
Explanation: Both the prevalence rate and incidence rate can be used to argue that AIDS is a public health problem, depending on the specific argument being made. The prevalence rate would help demonstrate the number of individuals currently affected by AIDS, highlighting its impact on public health. The incidence rate, on the other hand, would showcase the rate of new AIDS cases, emphasizing the ongoing transmission of the disease and the need for prevention strategies.
F. To argue that heart disease should get more funding than AIDS: A (absolute number of cases)
Explanation: The absolute number of cases (counts) would be the most suitable measure to argue that heart disease should receive more funding than AIDS. By comparing the absolute numbers of cases for each condition, the magnitude and impact of heart disease can be highlighted, potentially justifying the need for more funding allocation.
G. To demonstrate that a new screening program for breast cancer is effective: M (mortality rate)
Explanation: The mortality rate (crude death rate) would be the most appropriate measure to assess the effectiveness of a new screening program for breast cancer. By comparing the mortality rate before and after the implementation of the program, we can determine if the program has resulted in a decrease in the number of deaths associated with breast cancer, indicating its effectiveness.