1. The net gain of ATP after glycolysis is ..
A) two
B) four
C) 34
D) 36
I think it's A.
2. During photosynthesis water ..
A) is made
B) breaks down
C) is not necessary
I put B.
3. The most immediate effect of chloroplasts with non-functioning thylakoids is that ..
A) glucose could not break down
B) water could not split
C) water could not be made
D) ATP could not be made
I put B.
4. Acetyl coA ..
A) is made during anaerobic respiration
B) is a product of pyruvic acid
C) enters the mitochondria
D) all statements are correct
I put B.
5. Carrier molecules of photosynthesis are necessary ..
A) if water is goin to break down
B) if glucose is to be made
C) a and b
D) carrier molecules are not necessary
I put C.
1. The correct answer is A) two. The net gain of ATP after glycolysis is two molecules.
2. The correct answer is B) breaks down. During photosynthesis, water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen molecules.
3. The correct answer is D) ATP could not be made. The most immediate effect of chloroplasts with non-functioning thylakoids is that ATP production would be impaired.
4. The correct answer is C) enters the mitochondria. Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvic acid and enters the mitochondria for further processing in the citric acid cycle.
5. The correct answer is C) a and b. Carrier molecules of photosynthesis are necessary both for the splitting of water and the production of glucose.
1. The net gain of ATP after glycolysis is B) four.
To get to the correct answer, we can discuss the process of glycolysis and how ATP is produced. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, which is the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP. During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate.
Now, let's look at how ATP is produced during glycolysis. For each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, there is a production of two molecules of ATP through a process called substrate-level phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the transfer of a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP, resulting in the formation of ATP.
Therefore, since glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose, the correct answer is B) four. This is because each glucose molecule produces two pyruvate molecules through glycolysis, and each pyruvate molecule generates two ATP molecules.
2. During photosynthesis, water A) breaks down.
To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the process of photosynthesis and the role of water. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, while releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
During photosynthesis, water molecules are split through a process called photolysis or photodissociation. This occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, specifically in the step known as the light-dependent reactions. Water molecules are broken down into oxygen, hydrogen ions (H+), and electrons. The oxygen is released as a byproduct, while the hydrogen ions and electrons are used in converting ADP (adenosine diphosphate) into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Therefore, the correct answer is B) breaks down.
3. The most immediate effect of chloroplasts with non-functioning thylakoids is D) ATP could not be made.
To arrive at the correct answer, let's understand the role of chloroplasts and thylakoids in photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for conducting photosynthesis. Within the chloroplasts, the thylakoids are flattened, membrane-bound structures where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
During the light-dependent reactions, sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in the thylakoid membranes, and this energy is used to split water and generate ATP. The ATP produced in the thylakoid membrane is then used in the light-independent reactions (or Calvin cycle) to fix carbon dioxide and synthesize glucose.
If the thylakoids in chloroplasts are non-functioning, the main immediate effect would be the inability to generate ATP. This is because the thylakoids are essential for capturing light energy and using it to generate ATP via a process called chemiosmosis. Without functioning thylakoids, the light-dependent reactions cannot occur, and ATP production would be compromised.
Therefore, the correct answer is D) ATP could not be made.
4. Acetyl coA B) is a product of pyruvic acid.
To find the correct answer, we need to understand the role of pyruvic acid and the formation of acetyl coA. Pyruvic acid is a three-carbon molecule that is a product of glycolysis. It is generated from the breakdown of glucose during the early stages of cellular respiration.
From pyruvic acid to enter the next stage of cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), it needs to be converted into acetyl coA. This conversion occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, specifically in a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. During this process, a carbon dioxide molecule is removed from pyruvic acid, and the remaining two-carbon molecule combines with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl coA.
Therefore, the correct answer is B) is a product of pyruvic acid.
5. Carrier molecules of photosynthesis are necessary C) a and b.
To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the role of carrier molecules in photosynthesis. Carrier molecules, such as NADP+ and NADPH, play a crucial role in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
During the light-dependent reactions, carrier molecules serve as intermediaries in the transfer of energy and electrons. Specifically, carrier molecules like NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NADPH (reduced form) play a role in the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. They accept electrons and hydrogen ions (H+) generated from the splitting of water, and they transport these high-energy electrons to the Calvin cycle for the synthesis of glucose.
Without carrier molecules, the transfer of energy and electrons would be severely disrupted, and the light-dependent reactions could not proceed effectively. As a result, both the breakdown of water (choice A) and the formation of glucose (choice B) would be negatively impacted.
Therefore, the correct answer is C) a and b.