minor parties play the "spoiler" role in elections by

a. raising controversial issues
b. taking votes away from one of the major parties
c. using negative campaign advertisements
d. taking media attention away from the major parties

b or c. most likely c.

Nope. The "spoiler" role played by minor parties is to take votes away from one of the major parties. I suspect that minor parties use less negative campaign advertisements than do the major parties.

To determine the correct answer, let's analyze the options presented:

a) Raising controversial issues: While minor parties may raise controversial issues that are not typically addressed by major parties, this does not directly relate to the "spoiler" role in elections. Controversial issues can influence voter opinions but may not necessarily take votes away from major parties.

b) Taking votes away from one of the major parties: This option aligns more closely with the concept of spoiler role. Minor parties can divert votes that would have otherwise gone to a major party, potentially affecting the outcome of an election. This is often seen as a significant impact of minor parties in the political landscape.

c) Using negative campaign advertisements: Although negative advertisements are a common campaign strategy, the use of negative ads is not exclusive to minor parties and does not inherently define their role as spoilers in elections.

d) Taking media attention away from the major parties: While minor parties may draw some media attention, diverting media focus is not a defining characteristic of the "spoiler" role they play in elections.

Therefore, based on the options provided, the most likely correct answer is b) taking votes away from one of the major parties. Minor parties can influence the overall outcome of an election by attracting voters who might otherwise support a major party candidate. This is often referred to as the "spoiler" role played by minor parties.