which of the following steps in scientific polling comes FIRST?
a. tabulating the data
b. constructing the sample
c. preparing valid questions
d. defining the universe
c
I am inclined to agree with you because defining the universe and constructing the sample depend on what the questions are about.
To determine which step in scientific polling comes first, let's break down the options and examine the logical order of the process.
a. Tabulating the data: Tabulating the data refers to organizing and summarizing the collected information. This step typically occurs after the data collection phase when the responses have been collected and recorded.
b. Constructing the sample: Constructing the sample involves selecting a representative group of individuals from the larger population that the poll aims to represent. This step is essential for ensuring accurate and unbiased results. However, constructing the sample relies on having a clear understanding of the population being surveyed.
c. Preparing valid questions: Preparing valid questions is a crucial step in scientific polling as it determines the quality and accuracy of the data collected. This step involves designing clear, unbiased, and relevant questions that effectively capture the information sought after. It lays the foundation for the rest of the polling process.
d. Defining the universe: Defining the universe refers to identifying the specific population or group of individuals on which the poll is focused. It is essential to clearly specify and define the target population to draw accurate conclusions.
Considering the logical sequence, the first step in scientific polling is to prepare valid questions (option c). By carefully formulating the questions upfront, pollsters can ensure they collect the necessary data from a representative sample (option b), ultimately allowing them to organize and tabulate the data effectively (option a). The definition of the universe (option d) would typically be established early on in the research process but may not be the very first step.