what make permanent markers permanent and washable markers washable and why does that change with alcohol?
Permanent markers are made with ink that contains pigment particles suspended in a solvent. The pigments are typically made from dyes or pigments that are insoluble in water and do not dissolve easily in other solvents. The solvent in permanent markers is usually an alcohol-based liquid, such as ethanol or isopropanol.
To understand why permanent markers are permanent, we need to consider the properties of their ink. When you use a permanent marker, the ink is absorbed into the surface you are writing on. The solvent helps the ink flow smoothly, and as it evaporates, the pigments are left behind on the surface. These pigments bond or adhere to the surface, making them difficult to remove.
In contrast, washable markers are designed to be easily washed off certain surfaces. The ink in washable markers is made with water-soluble dyes instead of insoluble pigments. The dyes dissolve in water, making the ink able to be washed away.
Now let's discuss the role of alcohol in the equation. Alcohol, such as rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, can effectively dissolve both permanent and washable marker ink. This is because alcohol is a solvent that has the ability to break down ink particles and disperse them.
When you apply alcohol to a permanent marker, the alcohol acts as a strong solvent and starts to dissolve the pigment particles. As a result, the pigment loses its bond to the surface and becomes movable. This is why using alcohol can help remove permanent marker stains from surfaces.
Similarly, when you apply alcohol to a washable marker, the alcohol dissolves the water-soluble dyes, making them easier to remove from the surface.
In summary, permanent markers are made with insoluble pigments suspended in an alcohol-based solvent, which forms a strong bond with surfaces, making them difficult to remove. Washable markers, on the other hand, are made with water-soluble dyes that can easily dissolve in water. Alcohol can dissolve both types of markers by breaking down the pigments or dyes, aiding in their removal.