List four types of organic molecules for each describe functions, atoms used, how in general they are structured. give examples
Organic molecules are compounds composed mainly of carbon atoms bonded to other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus. They play crucial roles in various biological processes and can be classified into several categories based on their functions. Here are four types of organic molecules along with their functions, constituent atoms, and general structures:
1. Carbohydrates:
- Function: Provide energy, serve as structural components.
- Constituent atoms: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
- Structure: Composed of carbon chains with hydroxyl groups.
- Examples: Glucose, sucrose, cellulose.
2. Lipids:
- Function: Store energy, provide insulation, form cell membranes.
- Constituent atoms: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
- Structure: Nonpolar hydrocarbon chains or rings.
- Examples: Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids.
3. Proteins:
- Function: Perform various biological functions (enzymes, antibodies, structural components).
- Constituent atoms: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur.
- Structure: Composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds in long chains.
- Examples: Hemoglobin, insulin, collagen.
4. Nucleic Acids:
- Function: Store and transmit genetic information.
- Constituent atoms: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus.
- Structure: Composed of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.
- Examples: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Note: It's important to understand that these descriptions provide a general overview, and organic molecules can exhibit diverse structures and functions based on their specific compositions.