1) according to pyne, how have post 9-11 government responses affected prejudice and discrimination against muslims,arabs,and related groups?

(2) List two to three characteristics of orientalism. How may orientalism and prejudice contribute to hate crimes against these groups?
(3) what else can individuals do to promote tolerance and reduce prejudice in their towns and cities?

Thank you for using the Jiskha Homework Help Forum. We have had lots of questions similar to yours. Above, to the right of Jiska, type "ethics" in the Search box and some of those posts will show up. If you don't get everything answered there, feel free to repost but it's past my bedtime!

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1) http://www.jiskha.com/search/search.cgi?query=prejudice+and+discrimination+against+muslims

2) http://www.jiskha.com/search/search.cgi?query=characteristics+of+orientalism

3) http://www.jiskha.com/search/search.cgi?query=promote+tolerance+and+reduce+prejudice

To answer these questions, we can start by using the Pyne database to search for relevant scholarly articles or reports on the topics of post-9/11 government responses and the impact on prejudice and discrimination against Muslims, Arabs, and related groups.

Step 1: Access the Pyne database
Open a web browser and go to the Pyne database website.

Step 2: Conduct a search
In the search bar, type keywords related to the topic, such as "post-9/11 government responses," "prejudice," "discrimination," "Muslims," "Arabs," and "related groups." You can use Boolean operators like AND, OR, and NOT to refine your search if needed.

Step 3: Review the search results
Browse through the search results and look for articles or reports that directly address the impact of post-9/11 government responses on prejudice and discrimination against Muslims, Arabs, and related groups. Pay attention to the abstracts or summaries of the articles to get an idea of their content.

Step 4: Read the selected articles
Click on the articles that seem highly relevant and informative. Read them carefully to understand the author's perspective and findings regarding the impact of post-9/11 government responses on prejudice and discrimination.

After conducting this research, you will be ready to provide an informed answer to the first question.

Regarding the second question about characteristics of orientalism and its connection to hate crimes against these groups, we can utilize academic sources to find reliable information.

Step 1: Access academic databases
Go to a reliable academic database like JSTOR or Google Scholar.

Step 2: Conduct a search
In the search bar, type keywords related to "orientalism" and "prejudice." Look for articles or scholarly publications that discuss the characteristics of orientalism and its potential contribution to hate crimes.

Step 3: Review the search results
Browse through the search results and look for articles or publications that specifically address the characteristics of orientalism and its connection to hate crimes against Muslims, Arabs, and related groups. Read the abstracts or summaries to determine their relevance and informational value.

Step 4: Read the selected articles
Click on the articles that appear to provide relevant information. Read them carefully to understand the characteristics of orientalism and how it may contribute to hate crimes against these groups.

After conducting this research, you will be able to provide characteristics of orientalism and explain how it can contribute to hate crimes.

Lastly, for the third question about promoting tolerance and reducing prejudice in towns and cities, here are some general suggestions:

- Encourage education and awareness: Organize workshops, seminars, or presentations that promote understanding of different cultures, religions, and ethnicities. Expose individuals to diverse perspectives and encourage open-mindedness.

- Foster intergroup contact: Encourage social interactions between individuals from different backgrounds. This can be achieved through community events, cultural exchanges, or interfaith dialogues.

- Support inclusive policies: Advocate for inclusive policies and practices that ensure equal rights and opportunities for all individuals. This can include supporting anti-discrimination laws, educational initiatives, or community programs that promote diversity and inclusion.

- Address stereotypes and biases: Challenge stereotypes and prejudices by promoting dialogue and critical thinking. Encourage individuals to question their biases and engage in meaningful discussions that challenge stereotypes.

- Promote empathy and understanding: Encourage empathy by fostering conversations that highlight shared experiences and common humanity. Encourage individuals to listen to and learn from the stories and experiences of others.

By implementing these strategies, individuals can contribute to promoting tolerance and reducing prejudice in their towns and cities.