Which pulmonary volumes would change during exercise and which will not? Explain how AND why they would change.
1.) Tidal Volume
2.) Inspiratory Reserve Volume
3.) Expiratory Reserve Volume
4.) Residual Volume
Thanks for the help
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "pulmonary volumes exercise" to get these possible sources:
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=14676440
http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/9/11/1223
http://www.circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/4/559
http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/67/5/2055
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n5_v103/ai_13879591
I hope this helps. If not, these were only a small portion of the articles listed. You can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Thanks for asking.
During exercise, certain pulmonary volumes change to accommodate the body's increased demand for oxygen and the need to expel carbon dioxide more efficiently. Here's how and why they would change during exercise:
1.) Tidal Volume (TV): Tidal volume increases during exercise. This is because the body needs more oxygen to meet its energy requirements and to expel more carbon dioxide produced from increased cellular respiration. TV is the amount of air that is inspired or expired during a normal breath, and as the muscles work harder during exercise, the depth of each breath increases.
2.) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Inspiratory reserve volume decreases during exercise. IRV is the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation. As tidal volume increases during exercise, the additional inhaled air is utilized, leaving less air available to contribute to IRV.
3.) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): Expiratory reserve volume also decreases during exercise. ERV is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation. Exercise increases the efficiency of expiring carbon dioxide, meaning that more air is expelled during each tidal volume expiration. This leaves less air available to contribute to ERV.
4.) Residual Volume (RV): Residual volume does not change during exercise. RV is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. This air cannot be expelled and is necessary to keep the lungs inflated, even during exercise. Since RV serves as a constant source of oxygen for the body and maintains lung structure, it does not need to be altered during exercise.
In summary, tidal volume increases during exercise, while inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes decrease. This allows the body to meet its increased oxygen demands and remove carbon dioxide more efficiently. Residual volume remains constant to ensure lung function and a stable source of oxygen even during strenuous exercise.
During exercise, several pulmonary volumes may change while others remain relatively constant. Let's look at each of the volumes individually to see how and why they would change:
1.) Tidal Volume: Tidal volume refers to the volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing at rest. During exercise, tidal volume typically increases. This is because the body needs to take in more oxygen and expel more carbon dioxide to meet the increased oxygen demands of the exercising muscles. The increased tidal volume allows for a greater exchange of gases in the lungs, enabling a higher level of oxygen delivery to the working muscles.
2.) Inspiratory Reserve Volume: Inspiratory reserve volume is the additional volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled beyond the tidal volume. During exercise, inspiratory reserve volume tends to decrease or remain relatively constant. This is because the increased tidal volume during exercise allows for a greater intake of air, reducing the need for additional deep inhalation.
3.) Expiratory Reserve Volume: Expiratory reserve volume is the additional volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled beyond the tidal volume. Similar to inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume may reduce or stay relatively constant during exercise. This is because the increased tidal volume allows for more efficient and complete exhalation, minimizing the need for forceful expiration.
4.) Residual Volume: Residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation. During exercise, residual volume does not significantly change. It remains relatively constant as it plays a crucial role in maintaining the patency of the airways and preventing lung collapse.
These changes in pulmonary volumes during exercise are part of the body's adaptive response to increased oxygen demand and enhanced gas exchange. The respiratory system adjusts to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen to the working muscles and the removal of carbon dioxide waste.