how would a sociologist view the reasons for the uneven representation in the military? What would a sociologist say about how society shaped Americas' decision to join the military?
There are many different reasons for joining the military. These reasons differ, depending upon whether the enlistment is for enlisted soldiers or officers.
However, those who lack options in civilain life — usually lower socioeconomic class — would be more likely to seek the support aspects of the miliary — room, board, medical services and training — that require no financial output. They are more likely to be at the enlisted levels.
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "military enlistment 'social class'" to get these possible sources:
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http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01summer/moskos.htm
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-3397(196105)5%3A2%3C187%3ATPSASA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F
http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R2986/
I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.