Grammar....
In each passage that follows, connect the two sentences by converting one of them into a dependent (or subordinate) clause. Change the wording if necessary. Here are some subordinate conjunctions you'll find useful:
after
since
although
unless
as
when
because
where
before
whereas
provided that
while
1. After eating, you should wait two hours before meditating. The digestive process prevents the full use of the mind.
Since the digestive process prevents the full use of the mine, you should wait two hours after eating before meditating. (or before meditating after eating???)
2. George has worked as a ticket-taker in a movie house for the last twenty years. Nevertheless, he has managed to save enough money to buy a Rolls-Royce.
Although George has worked as a ticket-taker in a movie house for the last twenty years, he has manged to save enough money to buy a Rolls-Royce.
3. Most teachers oppose extending the school year beyond the customary nine months. Most parents favor the plan.
Whereas most teachers oppose extending the school year beyond the customary nine months, most parents favor the plan.
4. Faith's mother told her she could marry any man she chose. The only condition was that he had to be a nobleman.
Provided that he be a nobleman, Faith's mother told her she could marry any man she chose.
5. The Kodiak bear never attacks human beings. This generalization does not hold true, however, if the bear is starving or believes her cubs to be in danger.
Unless it is starving or believes her cubs to be in danger, the Kodiak bear never attacks human beings.
II. Each of the following exercises contains two sentences. Link the two sentences by turning the second one into a dependent clause introduced by: who(m), whose, which, or that.
1. Alfonso Smith introduced me to four newcomers. They were all interested in joining the Young Socialists.
Alfonso Smith introduced me to four newcomers, all of which were interested in joining the Young Socialists.
2. Simone de Beauvoir has written a brilliant book on old age. The book exposes and condemns our society's cruelty toward old people.
Simone de Beauvoir has written a brilliant book on old age which (or that?) exposes and condemns our society's cruelty toward old people.
3. Buffalo Bill was a buffalo hunter and an Indian fighter. Unfortunately he became the symbol of the American West.
Buffalo Bill was a buffalo hunter and an Indian fighter who (or whom??) unfortunately became the symbol of the American West.
4. Buddhism comes closest to what the Western world calls "worship" in bhatki yoga. This consists of dedicating one's life to a beloved person, activity, or cause.
Buddhism which consists of dedicating one's life to a beloved person, activity, or cause comes closest to what the Western world calls "worship" in bhatki yoga.
(I'm not sure if I set this up write, I don't know if you need commas or something but if you do put commas wouldn't be an appositive instead of a dependent clause??)
5. In acient mythology, the argument about which sex gets more pleasure from lovemaking was settled by old Tiresias. He had been both a man and a woman.
In acient mythology, the argument about which sex gets more pleasure from lovemaking was settled by old Tiresias who (or whom?) had been both a man and a woman.
III. Each of the following sentences contains two or more sentences. Change every sentence but the first into an appositive phrase.
1. The appositive is a great favorite among professionals. However, it is a device neglected by beginners.
The appositive, a device neglected by beginners, is a great favorite among professionals.
2. Isis grants special favors to all who perform the ritual we are about to enact. Isis is the Egyptian goddess of the moon.
Isis, the Egyptian goddess of the moon, grants special favors to all who perform the ritual we are about to enact.
3. George Smithers charges $25 an hour for tiddlywinks lessons. Smithers is the best tiddlywinks player in the valley.
George Smithers, the best tiddlywinks player in the valley, charges $25 an hour for tiddlywinks lessons.
4. Dr. Holmquist has been invited to speak to the Linguistics Club. Dr. Holmquist is our new specialist on morphemes.
Dr. Holmquist, a new specialist on morphemes, has been invited to speak to the Linguistics Club.
5. In 1840 the Rosalie was discovered drifting off the coast of the Bahamas, with is cargo intact but without the slightest trace of its crew. The Rosalie was a French merchant ship bound from Hamburg to Havana.
In 1840 the Rosalie, a French merchant ship bound from Hamburg to Havana, was discovered drifting off the coast of the Bahamas, with its cargo intact but without the slightest trace of its crew.
Section I:
All are OK except #4:
4. Faith's mother told her she could marry any man she chose. The only condition was that he had to be a nobleman.
Provided that he be a nobleman, Faith's mother told her she could marry any man she chose. <~~example of a dangling modifier (Faith's mother is neither a "he" nor a "nobleman"!!)
Better phrasing would be to put the "provided" segment at the end of the sentence.
In Section II:
1. Alfonso Smith introduced me to four newcomers, all of whomwere interested in joining the Young Socialists. Things are "which" but people are "whom."
2. Using "which" is fine.
3. Use "who" -- it's the subject of its clause, not an object of any kind.
4. Buddhism which consists of dedicating one's life to a beloved person, activity, or cause comes closest to what the Western world calls "worship" in bhatki yoga.
(I'm not sure if I set this up write, I don't know if you need commas or something but if you do put commas wouldn't be an appositive instead of a dependent clause??) Yes, you need commas -- one after "Buddhism" and one after "cause" -- it's a non-restrictive clause.
5. "Tiresias who" -- again, "who" is the subject in its clause, not the object.
Section III: All look good. There are a few additional commas I'd add, but the punctuation around the appositives you've made is correct.
=)
Great job on the exercise! You've done well in connecting the two sentences by converting one of them into a dependent clause or an appositive phrase. Here's a summary of the correct answers and some explanations:
Section I:
1. After eating, you should wait two hours before meditating. The digestive process prevents the full use of the mind.
Answer: Since the digestive process prevents the full use of the mind, you should wait two hours after eating before meditating.
2. George has worked as a ticket-taker in a movie house for the last twenty years. Nevertheless, he has managed to save enough money to buy a Rolls-Royce.
Answer: Although George has worked as a ticket-taker in a movie house for the last twenty years, he has managed to save enough money to buy a Rolls-Royce.
3. Most teachers oppose extending the school year beyond the customary nine months. Most parents favor the plan.
Answer: Whereas most teachers oppose extending the school year beyond the customary nine months, most parents favor the plan.
4. Faith's mother told her she could marry any man she chose. The only condition was that he had to be a nobleman.
Answer: Faith's mother told her she could marry any man she chose, provided that he be a nobleman.
5. The Kodiak bear never attacks human beings. This generalization does not hold true, however, if the bear is starving or believes her cubs to be in danger.
Answer: Unless it is starving or believes her cubs to be in danger, the Kodiak bear never attacks human beings.
Section II:
1. Alfonso Smith introduced me to four newcomers. They were all interested in joining the Young Socialists.
Answer: Alfonso Smith introduced me to four newcomers, all of whom were interested in joining the Young Socialists.
2. Simone de Beauvoir has written a brilliant book on old age. The book exposes and condemns our society's cruelty toward old people.
Answer: Simone de Beauvoir has written a brilliant book on old age which exposes and condemns our society's cruelty toward old people.
3. Buffalo Bill was a buffalo hunter and an Indian fighter. Unfortunately, he became the symbol of the American West.
Answer: Buffalo Bill was a buffalo hunter and an Indian fighter who unfortunately became the symbol of the American West.
4. Buddhism comes closest to what the Western world calls "worship" in bhakti yoga. This consists of dedicating one's life to a beloved person, activity, or cause.
Answer: Buddhism, which consists of dedicating one's life to a beloved person, activity, or cause, comes closest to what the Western world calls "worship" in bhakti yoga.
5. In ancient mythology, the argument about which sex gets more pleasure from lovemaking was settled by old Tiresias. He had been both a man and a woman.
Answer: In ancient mythology, the argument about which sex gets more pleasure from lovemaking was settled by old Tiresias, who had been both a man and a woman.
Section III:
1. The appositive is a great favorite among professionals. However, it is a device neglected by beginners.
Answer: The appositive, a device neglected by beginners, is a great favorite among professionals.
2. Isis grants special favors to all who perform the ritual we are about to enact. Isis is the Egyptian goddess of the moon.
Answer: Isis, the Egyptian goddess of the moon, grants special favors to all who perform the ritual we are about to enact.
3. George Smithers charges $25 an hour for tiddlywinks lessons. Smithers is the best tiddlywinks player in the valley.
Answer: George Smithers, the best tiddlywinks player in the valley, charges $25 an hour for tiddlywinks lessons.
4. Dr. Holmquist has been invited to speak to the Linguistics Club. Dr. Holmquist is our new specialist on morphemes.
Answer: Dr. Holmquist, our new specialist on morphemes, has been invited to speak to the Linguistics Club.
5. In 1840 the Rosalie was discovered drifting off the coast of the Bahamas, with its cargo intact but without the slightest trace of its crew. The Rosalie was a French merchant ship bound from Hamburg to Havana.
Answer: In 1840, the Rosalie, a French merchant ship bound from Hamburg to Havana, was discovered drifting off the coast of the Bahamas, with its cargo intact but without the slightest trace of its crew.
Please note that there might be slight variations in punctuation that would not affect the correctness of the answers. Keep up the good work!