Why does an increased salt intake cause a rise in blood pressure in salt sensitive individuals?
A Sodium ions from salt increase heart rate.
B Chloride ions from salt increase heart rate.
C Sodium and chloride ions in blood cause water to move (via osmosis) from tissues to blood vessels.
D Sodium and chloride ions in blood cause water to move (via osmosis) from blood vessels to tissues.
I believe it is choice C. What do you guys think?
Conventional wisdom dictates C, however, few medical researchers will agree. The effects of sodium chloride are complex on the human system, and its role in hypertension are not agreed upon. Even the existance of "salt sensitive individuals" is questioned by some leading authorities.
The answer is C at this level, but when you are studying at the top chemistry research labs in the world it gets a bit more complicated...
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I apologize for the previous incomplete response. Let me explain the correct answer to your question.
The correct answer is C: Sodium and chloride ions in blood cause water to move (via osmosis) from tissues to blood vessels.
In salt-sensitive individuals, an increased intake of salt (sodium chloride) can lead to a rise in blood pressure. This occurs because sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) from the salt increase the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels. Osmotic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the solutes (such as sodium and chloride ions) to draw water across a membrane.
When there is an increased concentration of sodium and chloride ions in the blood, it creates a higher osmotic pressure. As a result, water from the surrounding tissues, where the concentration of solutes is relatively lower, moves into the blood vessels in an attempt to balance the osmotic pressure. This movement of water from tissues to blood vessels increases the volume of blood, leading to an increase in blood pressure.
It's important to note that this response is specific to salt-sensitive individuals. Not everyone may experience the same effect on blood pressure with an increased salt intake. Additionally, the relationship between salt intake and blood pressure is a complex topic that is still being studied and researched in the medical field.