can someone please elpain to me the formation of binary ionic compounds from its constituent element.
cuz I don't understand!
thanks I really thank you guys alot!
What grade are you in? Do you know about s and p orbitals?
um.. why does it matter??? and I don't get the whole concept!
It matters because I don't want to use graduate school language on a second grader. However, I have already written a response, a more or less generic one, which should help. If you still don't understand, please explain in detail what you don't understand and we will take it from there.
Let's take NaCl as an example. The sodium atom has 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell, and 1 electron in the last (outer) shell. To make its outside shell complete, it needs to lose that one lone electron in the outside shell. If it does that, it becomes a sodium ion, Na^+, with a +1 charge. Chlorine has 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell, and 7 electrons in the last or outer shell. It wants to GAIN an electron, which will make 8. Remember 8 is the magic number for many of these elements to have in the outside shell. If a neutral atom of Cl gains that one electron it becomes a chloride ion with a -1 charge; i.e., Cl^-. So what happens is that when a neutral sodium atom, which wants to lose its outer electron in order to have 8 electrons in its outer shell, approaches a neutral chlorine atom, which wants to gain an electron to make 8 electrons in its outer shell, its a match made in heaven. The sodium atom donates its electron to chlorine. The sodium atom becomes +1 charged, a sodium ion, and the chlorine atom becomes a chloride ion with a -1 charge, and an ionic bonds has been formed. The force of attraction is the oppositely charged ions. I hope this helps. If you still need clarification, please post again and tell us specifically what you don't understand.
To better understand the formation of binary ionic compounds from their constituent elements, it is important to have some background knowledge about atomic structure and chemical bonding.
1. Atomic Structure: Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons carry a negative charge. Electrons exist in energy levels, or shells, around the nucleus of an atom.
2. Valence Electrons: Valence electrons refer to the electrons in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom. These electrons play a crucial role in chemical bonding. The number of valence electrons determines an atom's reactivity and its tendency to form bonds with other atoms.
3. Octet Rule: The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration with a full outer shell of 8 electrons. This stability is similar to the noble gases' electron configurations.
Now, let's take a closer look at the formation of binary ionic compounds, using the example of sodium chloride (NaCl):
1. Sodium (Na) is a metal located in Group 1 of the periodic table. It has one valence electron in its outermost shell. However, sodium is more stable when it loses that electron and achieves a full outer shell with 8 electrons. To accomplish this, sodium atom donates its valence electron.
2. Chlorine (Cl), on the other hand, is a nonmetal located in Group 17 of the periodic table. It has 7 valence electrons, and to achieve stability, it needs to gain one more electron to complete its outer shell. When a sodium atom donates its electron, a chloride ion is formed with a -1 charge.
3. The transfer of the electron creates a positive charge on the sodium ion (Na+) and a negative charge on the chloride ion (Cl-). The opposite charges attract each other, resulting in an ionic bond. This bond holds the ions together in a crystal lattice structure.
In summary, binary ionic compounds form through the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal. The metal atom loses one or more valence electrons to achieve a stable configuration, becoming a positively charged ion. The nonmetal atom gains the electron(s) to complete its outer shell, becoming a negatively charged ion. The electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions forms the ionic bond, resulting in the formation of the binary ionic compound.
I hope this explanation helps clarify the concept for you. If you have any further questions or need additional clarification, feel free to ask!