Homework Help: Science: Chemistry: Solubility of Solutes

The three common ways to increase the collisions between solute and solvent particles are agitating the mixture, increase the surface area of the solute and increasing the temperature of the solvent. You can agitate a mixture by stirring and shaking it. This moves the dissolved solute from the surfaces quicker and allows new collisions to occur. If the solute is broken into small pieces the surface area will increase. The greater the surface area the more collision is allowed. Increasing the temperature of the solvent increases the kinetic energy of its particles. These collisions have greater energy than those with lower temperatures do.

The three factors that affect solubility are pressure, temperatures and nature. A lot of substances are more stable at high temperatures than at low temperatures. Pressure affects the solubility of gaseous solutes. The solubility of a gas in a solvent increase as its external pressure increase. This occurs in carbonated beverages. The solubility of a solute also depends on the nature of the solute and solvent.

Supersaturated solutions have more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. A saturates solution is formed at a high temperature and is cooled slowly. With it cooling slowly this allows excess solute to remain dissolved in solution at lower temperatures. These solutions are unstable. If any small amount of seed crystal is added to a supersaturated solution, the excess solute precipitates quickly. Crystallization can also occur if the inside of the container is scratched or the supersaturated solution undergoes a physical shock such as stirring or tapping the container.

Homework Help: Science: Chemistry

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