Which of these can happen to objects in the solar system that do not have the momentum to maintain a stable orbit around the sun? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
They can fall into circular orbits.
They can fall into circular orbits.
They can follow erratic orbits that take on different shapes.
They can follow erratic orbits that take on different shapes.
They can swing around the sun and be ejected outward into space.
They can swing around the sun and be ejected outward into space.
They can spiral into the sun.
They can spiral into the sun.
The correct answers are:
1. They can swing around the sun and be ejected outward into space.
2. They can spiral into the sun.
The two correct answers are:
1. They can follow erratic orbits that take on different shapes.
2. They can spiral into the sun.
Objects in the solar system that do not have enough momentum to maintain a stable orbit around the sun can experience these two outcomes. Let me explain how:
1. Erratic orbits: If an object does not have enough momentum to sustain a stable orbit, it can follow erratic orbits that take on different shapes. These orbits may be elongated, elliptical, or even parabolic. The object's trajectory will not be predictable or consistent.
2. Spiraling into the sun: Objects without enough momentum can also spiral into the sun. As they move closer to the sun, the gravitational force becomes stronger, which pulls them inward. This gravitational pull causes them to lose energy and spiral deeper and closer towards the sun's surface, eventually being consumed by it.
It's important to note that objects can't "fall" into circular orbits, as mentioned in the list. Circular orbits require a specific balance of speed and distance from the sun to maintain a stable orbit. So, the statements "They can fall into circular orbits" are incorrect in this context.
In summary, for objects in the solar system without enough momentum, they can follow erratic orbits and spiral into the sun.
The correct answers are:
- They can follow erratic orbits that take on different shapes.
- They can spiral into the sun.
Which statements about geocentric model and heliocentric model are true? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
They both are models of the solar system.
They both are models of the solar system.
They both show the position of Earth relative to the Sun.
They both show the position of Earth relative to the Sun.
They both show Earth at the center of the solar system.
They both show Earth at the center of the solar system.
They both show the Sun at the center of the solar system.
The two correct answers are:
1. They both are models of the solar system.
2. They both show Earth at the center of the solar system.
For a planet orbiting the sun, rp is the distance from the sun to the perihelion and ra is the distance from the sun to the aphelion. What is a planet’s orbital eccentricity if rp is equal to 0.45ra?(1 point)
Responses
0.38
0.38
2.64
2.64
1.45
1.45
0.55
To calculate the orbital eccentricity, we can use the following formula:
eccentricity (e) = (ra - rp) / (ra + rp)
Given that rp is equal to 0.45ra, we can substitute it into the formula:
eccentricity (e) = (ra - 0.45ra) / (ra + 0.45ra)
Simplifying the formula:
eccentricity (e) = 0.55ra / 1.45ra
The ra and ra cancel out, leaving us with:
eccentricity (e) = 0.55 / 1.45
Calculating the value:
eccentricity (e) = 0.3793
Rounding to two decimal places, we get:
eccentricity (e) ≈ 0.38
Therefore, the correct answer is 0.38.
Drag and drop the words into the correct locations.(2 points)
Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
The Copernican model of the solar system was a [answer] model in which Earth [answer]. Planets [answer], and the stars [answer].
Answers
were fixed to an outermost sphere
were fixed to an outermost sphere
travelled along a circular path
travelled along a circular path
heliocentric
heliocentric
floated in outerspace
floated in outerspace
geocentric
geocentric
was just another planet
was just another planet
The Copernican model of the solar system was a [heliocentric] model in which Earth [was just another planet]. Planets [travelled along a circular path], and the stars [were fixed to an outermost sphere].
Which of the following is the best definition of Newton's theory of universal gravitation?(1 point)
Responses
Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses decrease and the distance between them increases.
Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses decrease and the distance between them increases.
Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses increase and the distance between them decreases.
Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses increase and the distance between them decreases.
Every object is attracted to the Earth with a force that increases with increasing mass and distance.
Every object is attracted to the Earth with a force that increases with increasing mass and distance.
Every object is pulled downward with a force that increases as the height from which an object is dropped increases.
Every object is pulled downward with a force that increases as the height from which an object is dropped increases.
The best definition of Newton's theory of universal gravitation is:
Every object attracts every other object in the universe, with a force that increases as the objects' masses decrease and the distance between them increases.
Where is the sun located on Earth’s elliptical orbit?(1 point)
Responses
at the center of the two foci
at the center of the two foci
at a focus
at a focus
at the perihelium
at the perihelium
at the aphelium
The sun is located at a focus of Earth's elliptical orbit.
How does Kepler’s third law compare the periods and orbital radii of two planets within a solar system?(1 point)
Responses
The square of the ratio of the periods equals the ratio of the radii.
The square of the ratio of the periods equals the ratio of the radii.
The ratio of the periods equals the square of the ratio of the radii.
The ratio of the periods equals the square of the ratio of the radii.
The square of the ratio of the periods equals the cube of the ratio of the radii.
The square of the ratio of the periods equals the cube of the ratio of the radii.
The cube of the ratio of the periods equals the square of the ratio of the radii.
The square of the ratio of the periods equals the cube of the ratio of the radii.
Which statement describes the area swept out by a line between a planet and the sun at equal times as the planet moves along its orbit?(1 point)
Responses
It decreases as the planet moves closer to the sun.
It decreases as the planet moves closer to the sun.
It changes shape but always remains constant.
It changes shape but always remains constant.
It is proportional to the distance between the sun and the planet.
It is proportional to the distance between the sun and the planet.
It increases as the planet moves closer to the sun.
The correct answer is:
It is proportional to the distance between the sun and the planet.
Why was the geocentric model of the solar system accepted by scientists for many years? Select the two correct answers.(1 point)
Responses
Suitable technology was not available to disprove the model.
Suitable technology was not available to disprove the model.
The model accurately predicted the movements of the planets.
The model accurately predicted the movements of the planets.
Observations with telescopes confirmed the predictions made using the model.
Observations with telescopes confirmed the predictions made using the model.
The model described the solar system correctly.
The two correct answers are:
1. Suitable technology was not available to disprove the model.
2. The model accurately predicted the movements of the planets.
The geocentric model of the solar system was accepted for many years because at that time, suitable technology was not available to disprove it, and the model was able to accurately predict the movements of the planets based on observations made with the naked eye.
Which statement summarizes Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion?(1 point)
Responses
Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.
Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.
Planets closest to the sun move faster in their orbits than those farther away.
Planets closest to the sun move faster in their orbits than those farther away.
Planets move fastest while Earth is at perihelion.
Planets move fastest while Earth is at perihelion.
Planets in the solar system revolve around the sun.
Planets in the solar system revolve around the sun.
The correct answer is:
Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.
Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion states that the planets in the solar system revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits, with the sun located at one of the foci of the ellipse.
A satellite orbiting Earth at an orbital radius r has a velocity v. Which represents the velocity if the satellite is moved to an orbital radius of 4r?(1 point)
Responses
1/4v
1/4v
1/2v
1/2v
2v
2v
4v
4v
The correct answer is:
1/2v
According to Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion, the square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis (orbital radius) of the orbit. Therefore, if the satellite is moved to an orbital radius of 4r, the orbital period would increase by a factor of 2. Since velocity is inversely proportional to orbital period, the velocity would decrease by a factor of 1/2.