Which of the following is a common pioneer species?
• oak tree
• deer
• moss
• mouse
Moss is a common pioneer species.
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Which of the following is a common pioneer species?(1 point)
Responses
deer
deer
oak tree
oak tree
moss
moss
mouse
Moss is a common pioneer species.
Why are most plants that grow in the tundra small with thin, wax-covered leaves?(1 point)
Responses
The plants need to be able to grow in sandy soil.
The plants need to be able to grow in sandy soil.
The plants need to survive the hot temperatures in the summer.
The plants need to survive the hot temperatures in the summer.
The plants need to survive the year-round dry conditions.
The plants need to survive the year-round dry conditions.
The plants need to be able to grow in the moist, humid air.
Plants in the tundra have small and thin leaves that are wax-covered to prevent water loss due to the harsh and cold, dry climate conditions. Hence, "The plants need to survive the year-round dry conditions" is the correct option.
Which lists the parts that make up the biosphere, from smallest to largest?(1 point)
Responses
population, organism, community, ecosystem, biome
population, organism, community, ecosystem, biome
organism, population, ecosystem, community, biome
organism, population, ecosystem, community, biome
biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism
biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome
The correct order of parts that make up the biosphere from smallest to the largest is as follows:
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome.
Hence, the correct option is: "organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome".
In which situation will primary succession most likely occur?(1 point)
Responses
A disease kills off most of the plant species in an ecosystem.
A disease kills off most of the plant species in an ecosystem.
Trees in a forest ecosystem are cut down for logging.
Trees in a forest ecosystem are cut down for logging.
Sheets of ice that once covered an area melt away, exposing a layer of rock.
Sheets of ice that once covered an area melt away, exposing a layer of rock.
A small pond dries up, leaving behind moist soil.
Primary succession most likely occurs when sheets of ice that once covered an area melt away, exposing a layer of rock, as it creates a new surface for organisms to establish themselves, and the process of colonization starts from scratch. Therefore, the correct option is "Sheets of ice that once covered an area melt away, exposing a layer of rock."
Which statement describes a difference between primary and secondary succession?(1 point)
Responses
Primary succession can more easily be observed than secondary succession.
Primary succession can more easily be observed than secondary succession.
Secondary succession occurs over a shorter time period than primary succession.
Secondary succession occurs over a shorter time period than primary succession.
Secondary succession supports a more limited number of organisms than primary succession.
Secondary succession supports a more limited number of organisms than primary succession.
Primary succession supports a greater variety of organisms than secondary succession.
A difference between primary and secondary succession is that primary succession supports a greater variety of organisms compared to secondary succession. This is because primary succession starts from bare-rock, so soil needs to be formed, and a diverse group of pioneer species build the ecosystem. On the other hand, secondary succession starts from an existing community, and so the rebuilding process is quicker. Secondary succession results in a less biodiverse community since some plants and animals that were present in the previous community may not be able to recolonize the disturbed ecosystem. Therefore, the correct option is "Primary succession supports a greater variety of organisms than secondary succession."
How are algae and polyps related?(1 point)
Responses
The polyps receive shelter from the algae.
The polyps receive shelter from the algae.
The polyps receive carbon dioxide from the algae.
The polyps receive carbon dioxide from the algae.
The polyps embed themselves in the flesh of the algae.
The polyps embed themselves in the flesh of the algae.
The polyps get most of their food from the algae.
Algae and polyps have a mutualistic relationship, where they both benefit from each other. Specifically, algae provide food for the polyps through photosynthesis. The correct option is, therefore: "The polyps get most of their food from the algae."
Which word best describes the relationship between polyps and algae?(1 point)
Responses
exoskeletal
exoskeletal
bleached
bleached
symbiotic
symbiotic
photosynthetic
The relationship between polyps and algae is mutualistic, in which both organisms benefit each other. Algae provide photosynthetic food for the polyps through photosynthesis, while polyps offer shelter and a location for the algae to grow. Hence, the correct option is "symbiotic."
The definition of symbiotic is(1 point)
Responses
living in close association.
living in close association.
consisting of two oxygen atoms.
consisting of two oxygen atoms.
having tiny tentacles.
having tiny tentacles.
having a hard external covering.
The correct definition of symbiotic is "living in close association." When two or more organisms live in close association and both benefit from each other, the relationship is said to be symbiotic.
What happens to algae when the temperature in the ocean becomes too hot?(1 point)
Responses
The algae photosynthesize faster.
The algae photosynthesize faster.
The algae lose their ability to photosynthesize.
The algae lose their ability to photosynthesize.
The algae become pale.
The algae become pale.
The algae are susceptible to infection.
When the temperature in the ocean becomes too hot, the algae become pale, as too much heat causes stress to the algae, and loss of pigmentation occurs. This phenomenon is known as coral bleaching, and it leads to a reduction in food production for associated organisms like polyps. Hence, the correct option is "The algae become pale."
Imagine that an ecosystem contains rabbits, foxes, wolves, and deer. The following predator-prey relationships exist:
Rabbits are eaten by foxes and wolves
Deer are eaten by wolves
Foxes are eaten by wolves
Select the animal whose absence would have the greatest negative effect on the ecosystem.
(1 point)
Responses
wolf
wolf
deer
deer
fox
fox
rabbit
In this ecosystem consisting of rabbits, foxes, wolves, and deer, the absence of the wolf would have the greatest negative effect on the ecosystem. Wolves are at the top (apex) of the food chain, and their role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem is crucial. With the disappearance of wolves, the population sizes of other species (especially the herbivores) will increase, leading to overgrazing, a reduction in plant biodiversity, and subsequently, the collapse of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, the correct option is "wolf."
In an ecosystem with low biodiversity, the removal of a species will (1 point)
Responses
not affect the ecosystem because another species will take its place.
not affect the ecosystem because another species will take its place.
disturb the ecosystem because another species will take its place.
disturb the ecosystem because another species will take its place.
not affect the ecosystem because another species will not be able to replace it.
not affect the ecosystem because another species will not be able to replace it.
disturb the ecosystem because another species will not be able to replace it.
In an ecosystem with low biodiversity, the removal (extinction) of a species would disturb the ecosystem because another species will not be able to replace it. This is because if the ecosystem has low biodiversity, it might be unable to support another species to fill in the gap created by the extinct one. This often leads to a chain reaction that affects the entire ecosystem. Therefore, the correct option is "disturb the ecosystem because another species will not be able to replace it."
Biodiversity is measured by (1 point)
Responses
examining the usefulness of a specific trait in a species that interacts within an ecosystem.
examining the usefulness of a specific trait in a species that interacts within an ecosystem.
counting the number and variation of different species of plants, animals, and other organisms that interact within an ecosystem.
counting the number and variation of different species of plants, animals, and other organisms that interact within an ecosystem.
counting the total number of one species population and how they interact within an ecosystem.
counting the total number of one species population and how they interact within an ecosystem.
only analyzing animal species that interact within an ecosystem.
only analyzing animal species that interact within an ecosystem.
Biodiversity is measured by counting the number and variation of different species of plants, animals, and other organisms that interact within an ecosystem. Therefore, the correct option is "counting the number and variation of different species of plants, animals, and other organisms that interact within an ecosystem."
Which statement best describes ecological health?(1 point)
Responses
Ecosystem biodiversity determines ecological health via the amounts of different organisms in the area.
Ecosystem biodiversity determines ecological health via the amounts of different organisms in the area.
Ecological health concerns the relationship among ecosystems, ecosystem services, and human health.
Ecological health concerns the relationship among ecosystems, ecosystem services, and human health.
Ecosystem biodiversity determines ecological health via the types of different organisms in the area.
Ecosystem biodiversity determines ecological health via the types of different organisms in the area.
Ecological health concerns the relationship between ecosystems and ecosystem services.
The best statement that describes ecological health is "Ecological health concerns the relationship among ecosystems, ecosystem services, and human health". Ecological health refers to the condition of an ecosystem and its capacity to maintain its ecological functions, including the services it provides to people, such as food, water, air, soil fertility, pest and disease control, climate regulation, and cultural and aesthetic services. Therefore, the correct option is "Ecological health concerns the relationship among ecosystems, ecosystem services, and human health.".
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alcohol abuse can cause scarring of the liver which is called Alcoholism,
detoxification,
cirrhosis
, addiction
Alcohol abuse can cause scarring of the liver, which is called cirrhosis. Alcoholism and addiction are related to alcohol abuse, but they are not the same as cirrhosis. Detoxification refers to the process of removing harmful substances, such as alcohol, from the body.
Use the sentence to answer the question.
When Shawn arrives at work, he hangs his jacket on his chair.
Which grammatical element do the bold words represent?
(1 point)
Responses
phrase
phrase
dependent clause
dependent clause
sentence
sentence
independent clause
The bold words represent an independent clause, as they form a complete sentence that can stand alone as a statement. The clause subject is "Shawn," verb is "arrives," and the clause has a complete meaning. Therefore, the correct option is "independent clause."
Use the sentence to answer the question.
I never miss Art Club meetings because I love to draw.
Which part of the sentence is an independent clause?
(1 point)
Responses
I never miss Art Club meetings
I never miss Art Club meetings
because I love to draw
because I love to draw
I never miss
I never miss
I love to draw
"I never miss Art Club meetings" is the independent clause in this sentence. It is an independent clause because it can stand alone as a complete thought and make sense by itself as a sentence. Therefore, the correct option is "I never miss Art Club meetings."
Use the sentence to answer the question.
The store ran out of paper quickly because supplies were limited.
Which part of the sentence is a dependent clause?
(1 point)
Responses
because supplies were limited
because supplies were limited
supplies were limited
supplies were limited
ran out of paper quickly
ran out of paper quickly
The store ran out of paper
"Because supplies were limited" is a dependent clause in this sentence as it contains a subordinating conjunction "because," making it an incomplete thought or idea that relies on the independent clause to make sense. The clause "supplies were limited" is also a part of the dependent clause. Therefore, the correct option is "because supplies were limited."
Which sentence shows a relationship between two independent clauses?(1 point)
Responses
When Brian gets bored, he goes to the internet and he looks for a game to play.
When Brian gets bored, he goes to the internet and he looks for a game to play.
He wants to go to the park because it's sunny.
He wants to go to the park because it's sunny.
I wish I had more ice cream.
I wish I had more ice cream.
The floods caused widespread damage, and residents were without power for a week.
The sentence that shows a relationship between two independent clauses is "The floods caused widespread damage, and residents were without power for a week." The two independent clauses "The floods caused widespread damage" and "Residents were without power for a week" are connected by the coordinating conjunction "and," showing the relationship between them. Therefore, the correct answer is "The floods caused widespread damage, and residents were without power for a week."
Use the sentences to answer the question.
Maverick needed to go to the store. His dog wanted to go with him.
Which option best combines the two simple sentences into one compound sentence while maintaining the meaning of the original sentences?
(1 point)
Responses
Maverick needed to go to the store, and his dog wanted to go with him.
Maverick needed to go to the store, and his dog wanted to go with him.
Because his dog wanted to go with him, Maverick needed to go to the store.
Because his dog wanted to go with him, Maverick needed to go to the store.
Because Maverick needed to go to the store, his dog wanted to go with him.
Because Maverick needed to go to the store, his dog wanted to go with him.
Maverick and his dog went to the store.
The best option that combines the two simple sentences into one compound sentence while maintaining the meaning of the original sentences is "Maverick needed to go to the store, and his dog wanted to go with him." The two independent clauses are related to each other and combine to make a compound sentence. Therefore, the correct answer is "Maverick needed to go to the store, and his dog wanted to go with him."
Which sentence includes an example of a correlative conjunction?(1 point)
Responses
Sarah does both gymnastics and dance.
Sarah does both gymnastics and dance.
The parade ended when the rain moved in.
The parade ended when the rain moved in.
I would have enjoyed the movie more if it had subtitles.
I would have enjoyed the movie more if it had subtitles.
AJ plays football and baseball.
The sentence that includes an example of a correlative conjunction is "Sarah does both gymnastics and dance." The conjunction "both...and" is a correlative conjunction, used to join two nouns or two verbs together as a pair. Therefore, the correct answer is "Sarah does both gymnastics and dance."
In which sentence is the modifying phrase placed incorrectly?(1 point)
Responses
To accomplish her goal, Ana needs to wash the dishes, clean her room, and vacuum the living room rug.
To accomplish her goal, Ana needs to wash the dishes, clean her room, and vacuum the living room rug.
Ana wants to buy new athletic shoes from her favorite store once she saves up enough money, Shoe Empire.
Ana wants to buy new athletic shoes from her favorite store once she saves up enough money, Shoe Empire.
If the dishes are not washed, Ana will not receive her weekly allowance.
If the dishes are not washed, Ana will not receive her weekly allowance.
Before she leaves for school, Ana needs to wash the dishes.
The sentence that includes the modifying phrase placed incorrectly is "Ana wants to buy new athletic shoes from her favorite store once she saves up enough money, Shoe Empire." The modifying phrase, "Shoe Empire," is incorrectly placed in the sentence. Instead, it should be written as "Ana wants to buy new athletic shoes from her favorite store, Shoe Empire, once she saves up enough money." This modification correctly places the name 'Shoe Empire' as a descriptor for the phrase 'her favorite store'. Therefore, the correct option is "Ana wants to buy new athletic shoes from her favorite store once she saves up enough money, Shoe Empire."
Use the sentence to answer the question.
Erika helped the elderly woman with her shopping basket which was overflowing with vegetables.
Which revision of this sentence uses commas accurately?
(1 point)
Responses
Erika helped the elderly woman with her shopping basket, which was overflowing with vegetables.
Erika helped the elderly woman with her shopping basket, which was overflowing with vegetables.
Erika helped the elderly woman, with her shopping basket which was overflowing with vegetables.
Erika helped the elderly woman, with her shopping basket which was overflowing with vegetables.
Erika, helped the elderly woman with her shopping basket which was overflowing with vegetables.
Erika, helped the elderly woman with her shopping basket which was overflowing with vegetables.
Erika helped, the elderly woman with her shopping basket which was overflowing with vegetables.
The proper revision of this sentence that uses commas accurately is "Erika helped the elderly woman with her shopping basket, which was overflowing with vegetables." The comma is correctly used to separate the modifying phrase "which was
Use the sentence to complete the activity.
Jessica ate the cookies that her daughter baked for her.
In one to two sentences, identify the bold words as an independent clause, dependent clause, or phrase, and explain their functions within the sentence.
(2 points)
Which of the following is an internal structure of a plant?(1 point)
Responses
xylem
xylem
buds
buds
root hairs
root hairs
leaves
leaves
bot
Which of the following is an internal structure of a plant?(1 point)
Responses
xylem
xylem
buds
buds
root hairs
root hairs
leaves
leaves