Determine the concentration of 20.0 mL of the sulphuric acid when 1.00 mol/L sodium hydroxide is used as the titrant.
Observations: Initial volume of H2SO4 __________.
Final volume of H2SO4 __________.
Volume of H2SO4 added __________.
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To determine the concentration of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the titrant, we need the initial volume of H2SO4, the final volume of H2SO4, and the volume of H2SO4 added during the titration process.
1. Initial volume of H2SO4: This refers to the volume of H2SO4 solution that you start with in the titration. This information might be provided or recorded during the experiment. It could be given in milliliters (mL) or liters (L). Let's assume the initial volume is 20.0 mL.
2. Final volume of H2SO4: This refers to the volume of H2SO4 solution at the endpoint of the titration, where the reaction between H2SO4 and NaOH is complete. Once again, this information should be provided or recorded during the experiment. Assuming the final volume is 38.0 mL.
3. Volume of H2SO4 added: To find the volume of H2SO4 added during the titration, subtract the initial volume from the final volume. In this case, the volume of H2SO4 added would be 38.0 mL - 20.0 mL = 18.0 mL.
Now, to calculate the concentration of the H2SO4:
1. Use the equation:
Moles of H2SO4 = Moles of NaOH added during titration.
2. Calculate the moles of NaOH added using its molarity and volume.
Moles of NaOH = Molarity of NaOH x Volume of NaOH added (in L)
Given that the molarity of NaOH is 1.00 mol/L and the volume is in mL, convert the volume to liters by dividing by 1000:
Moles of NaOH = 1.00 mol/L x (18.0 mL / 1000) L = 0.018 mol
3. As per the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between H2SO4 and NaOH, the molar ratio is 1:2.
So, moles of H2SO4 = 1/2 x moles of NaOH
And since we found that the moles of NaOH is 0.018 mol, the moles of H2SO4 would be:
Moles of H2SO4 = 1/2 x 0.018 mol = 0.009 mol
4. Finally, to find the concentration of the H2SO4, divide the moles of H2SO4 by the volume (in L) of H2SO4 added:
Concentration of H2SO4 = Moles of H2SO4 / Volume of H2SO4 added (in L)
Concentration of H2SO4 = 0.009 mol / (18.0 mL / 1000) L = 0.500 mol/L
Therefore, the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.500 mol/L or 0.500 M.