Three bottles lost their labels. One contained an aqueous solution of HCl, another an aqueous solution of HNO3, and the third contained an aqueous solution of H2SO4. Write an experimental procedure that would allow you to correctly identify the contents of the bottles using the following equipment: Mg, CaCO3, matches, test tubes, stirring rod, spatula (scoop). I would really appreciate help, thanks!
CaCO3 + H2SO4 ==> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2. CaSO4 is a white ppt and the CO2 will snuff out the match flame.
Mg + 2HCl ==> H2 + MgCl2. H2 fizzes and will burn (explode--a minimal one at the mouth of the test tube).
Mg reacts with HNO3 to give various compounds depending upon the strength of the HNO3. It CAN give NH3 which is recognized by the odor. It may give oxides of N, notably NO2 which is reddish brown. It CAN give NO, which is colorless, but isn't flammable like H2 gas.
You can use this information to set up a procedure.
To identify the contents of the bottles, you can perform a series of tests using the equipment provided. Here's an experimental procedure that you can follow:
1. Prepare three separate test tubes and label them A, B, and C.
2. Take a small amount of the first bottle's solution and pour it into test tube A. Repeat this step with the remaining two bottles' solutions, pouring them into test tubes B and C, respectively.
3. To test for the presence of HCl, add a small piece of magnesium (Mg) to test tube A. If there is HCl in the solution, the magnesium will react with it, producing bubbles of hydrogen gas (H2).
4. To test for the presence of HNO3, add a small amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to test tube B. If HNO3 is present, it will react with the CaCO3, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.
5. To test for the presence of H2SO4, take a wooden match and moisten the tip by wetting it with a few drops of the solution from test tube C. Then strike the match on a suitable surface. If the solution contains H2SO4, it will ignite the match due to the sulfuric acid's strong dehydrating properties.
6. Observe the reactions carefully. If both test tube A and B show a reaction, while test tube C does not, then the contents of bottle A can be concluded as HCl and bottle B as HNO3. In this case, bottle C will contain H2SO4.
Please note that working with corrosive acids like HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 can be dangerous. It is essential to take proper safety precautions, including wearing protective gloves, safety goggles, and conducting the experiment in a well-ventilated area. If you are uncertain or uncomfortable working with these chemicals, it is advisable to seek assistance from a qualified chemist or professional.