A 4700 kg truck on a level surface experiences a force applied due to the engine of 3700 N forward. If the force of friction acting on the truck is 189 N backward:
a) Determine the values of the other forces acting on the truck.
b) Draw a free body diagram and determine the net force.
c) Determine the acceleration of the truck.
d)What are two ways that the acceleration could be increased?
e) What action reaction force pairs are involved in this scenario?
F – to the right F=3700 N
F(fr) to the left F(fr) =189 N
mg – down mg=4700•9.8=46060 N
N – up N=mg=46060 N
F(net) =F-F(fr)=3700-189=3511 N
ma=F(net)
a=F(net)/m=3511/4700= 0.74 m/s²
a ↑if F(net)↑ or a↓
mg (action) N (reaction)
To determine the values of the other forces acting on the truck, we need to consider the forces acting on it. The forces in this scenario are:
1. Force applied due to the engine: 3700 N forward.
2. Force of friction: 189 N backward.
Using Newton's second law, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration (F = ma), we can find the values of the other forces.
a) The values of the other forces acting on the truck are:
- Force applied due to the engine: 3700 N forward
- Force of friction: 189 N backward
b) To draw a free body diagram, you would represent the forces acting on the object as arrows pointing in the direction of the force. In this scenario, you would have two arrows:
- The engine force arrow would point forward with a magnitude of 3700 N.
- The friction force arrow would point backward with a magnitude of 189 N.
To determine the net force, you would find the vector sum of all the forces. In this case, you would subtract the force of friction from the force applied due to the engine:
Net force = force applied due to the engine - force of friction
= 3700 N - 189 N
= 3511 N forward
c) To determine the acceleration of the truck, you can use Newton's second law:
Net force = mass x acceleration
3511 N = 4700 kg x acceleration
Rearranging the equation, we find:
acceleration = 3511 N / 4700 kg
= 0.7477 m/s^2
Therefore, the acceleration of the truck is 0.7477 m/s^2.
d) There are two ways to increase the acceleration of the truck:
1. Increase the force applied due to the engine: If the force applied due to the engine is increased, the net force acting on the truck will also increase, resulting in a higher acceleration.
2. Decrease the force of friction: If the force of friction is reduced (e.g., by using smoother tires or reducing the weight on the tires), the net force acting on the truck will increase, leading to a higher acceleration.
e) The action-reaction force pairs involved in this scenario include:
- The force applied due to the engine (forward) and the force of friction (backward) act as an action-reaction pair. The engine exerts a force on the ground, and the ground exerts an equal and opposite force on the truck to generate the force of friction.
- The weight of the truck (due to gravity) and the normal force exerted by the ground on the truck also form an action-reaction pair. The truck exerts a downward force due to its weight, and the ground exerts an equal and opposite force upward called the normal force.