Which statements about hydrogen bonds are correct?
1) Hydrogen bonds are the interaction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative element and the lone pair of electrons on a nearby electronegative atom.
2) The atom to which the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded is the hydrogen-bond donor.
3) The distance between the covalently bound H atom and its hydrogen-bonding donor is the sum of its van der Waals radii.
4) Hydrogen bonds can be stronger interactions than even charge-charge interactions.
2, 3, and 4 are correct.
1, 2, and 3 are correct.
1, 2, and 4 are correct.
All of the listed statements are correct.
To determine which statements about hydrogen bonds are correct, let's analyze each statement individually:
1) Hydrogen bonds are the interaction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative element and the lone pair of electrons on a nearby electronegative atom.
This statement is correct. Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) and interacts with the lone pair of electrons on another electronegative atom.
2) The atom to which the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded is the hydrogen-bond donor.
This statement is correct. In a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen atom serves as the hydrogen-bond donor, while the electronegative atom with the lone pair of electrons acts as the hydrogen-bond acceptor.
3) The distance between the covalently bound H atom and its hydrogen-bonding donor is the sum of its van der Waals radii.
This statement is incorrect. The distance between the hydrogen atom and its hydrogen-bond acceptor is typically shorter than the sum of their van der Waals radii. Hydrogen bonds are relatively shorter and stronger than van der Waals interactions.
4) Hydrogen bonds can be stronger interactions than even charge-charge interactions.
This statement is correct. Although hydrogen bonds are relatively weaker than covalent or ionic bonds, they can still be stronger interactions compared to other non-covalent interactions, such as charge-charge (electrostatic) interactions.
Based on the analysis, statements 2 and 4 are correct, but statement 3 is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is:
1, 2, and 4 are correct.