what types of are formed when atoms share electrons unequally
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When atoms share electrons unequally, a type of chemical bond known as a polar covalent bond is formed. This occurs when two atoms with different electronegativities (ability to attract electrons) bond together. The atom with a higher electronegativity attracts the shared electrons towards itself more strongly, resulting in an imbalance of electron distribution.
To determine the type of bond that forms when atoms share electrons unequally, you can use the concept of electronegativity. Electronegativity values can be found on the periodic table or in reference materials. By comparing the electronegativity values of the two atoms involved in a bond, you can determine the type of bond formed:
1. If the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is less than 0.5, the bond is considered nonpolar covalent. In this case, electrons are shared equally between the atoms because their electronegativity values are similar.
2. If the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is between 0.5 and 2.0, the bond is considered polar covalent. The atom with the higher electronegativity will pull the shared electrons closer and develop a partial negative charge, while the other atom will have a partial positive charge.
3. If the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is greater than 2.0, the bond is considered ionic. In this case, one atom completely transfers its electrons to the other atom, resulting in a complete transfer of charge and the formation of positive and negative ions.
Remember that electronegativity values provide a general guideline, and there may be some exceptions to the rule. However, this method is widely used to determine the type of bond formed when atoms share electrons unequally.