The hydrocarbon emissions at idling speed in parts per million (ppm) for automobiles of 1980 and 1990 are given for 20 randomly selected cars. 1980 models:
a) Construct a dot plot
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To construct a dot plot for the hydrocarbon emissions at idling speed in parts per million (ppm) for 1980 automobiles, follow these steps:
1. Start by creating a number line that covers the range of values in the data set. Determine the minimum and maximum values recorded for hydrocarbon emissions in ppm for the 1980 models.
2. Divide the number line into equal intervals or bins. The number of bins depends on the range of values and the level of detail desired. You can start with around 5-10 bins initially.
3. Place a dot above each interval on the number line corresponding to the value of hydrocarbon emissions for each car. For example, if one car has a hydrocarbon emission of 20 ppm, place a dot above the bin that represents values between 10 and 30 ppm.
4. Repeat this process for all 20 cars in the dataset. As you place dots, you will start to see a visual representation of the distribution of hydrocarbon emissions for the 1980 models.
5. Group the dots together within each bin to make it easier to see the concentration or frequency of certain emissions levels. You can use different symbols or colors for each dot to represent each car.
6. Once you have placed all the dots, it should resemble a dot plot, with dots dispersed along the number line representing the hydrocarbon emissions at idling speed in ppm for the 1980 automobiles.
Note: Dot plots are simple graphical representations that display data values along a number line. They can provide a quick visual summary of the data distribution and identify any outliers or patterns in the data.