Which of the following do you have less of at the end of cellular respiration than at the beginning?
(a)Co-enzyme A
(b)ATP synthase
(c)ADP
(d)the proteins of the electron transport chain
(e)FADH2
Please help
To determine which of the options you have less of at the end of cellular respiration than at the beginning, let's examine each choice and the role it plays in the process.
(a) Co-enzyme A: Co-enzyme A (CoA) is not consumed or produced in cellular respiration. It functions as a carrier molecule, shuttling acetyl groups to the Krebs cycle. Therefore, the amount of CoA remains constant throughout the process.
(b) ATP synthase: ATP synthase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing ATP during the process of oxidative phosphorylation. It is not consumed or depleted during cellular respiration. Thus, the amount of ATP synthase also remains constant.
(c) ADP: ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is a molecule that combines with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to form ATP during cellular respiration. As ATP is produced, ADP levels decrease. Therefore, the amount of ADP decreases at the end of cellular respiration.
(d) The proteins of the electron transport chain: The proteins of the electron transport chain (ETC) are involved in the flow of electrons and the generation of a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis. These proteins are not consumed or depleted during cellular respiration. Consequently, the amount of ETC proteins also remains constant.
(e) FADH2: FADH2 is an electron carrier molecule produced in the Krebs cycle. It transports electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP synthesis. FADH2 is oxidized in the process and converted back to its original form, FAD. Therefore, the amount of FADH2 decreases at the end of cellular respiration.
Based on the above explanations, the correct answer is (c) ADP. You have less ADP at the end of cellular respiration than at the beginning.