1) AMP -activated protein kinase (AMPK):
Option A: is activated by both AMP and ADP.
Option B: undergoes allosteric regulation.
Option C: all of the choices are correct.
Option D: adds phosphate groups to serines and threonines in other enzymes.
2) Which of the following microscopes would exhibit the BEST resolution?
Option A: a microscope with an N. A. of 1.0 and using orange illumination
Option B: a microscope with an N. A. of 0.8 and using red illumination (False)
Option C: a microscope with an N. A. of 1.0 and using red illumination (False)
Option D: a microscope with an N. A. of 0.8 and using blue illumination
Option E: a microscope with an N. A. of 1.0 and using blue illumination
Thank you!
1) The correct answer is Option C: all of the choices are correct. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can be activated by both AMP and ADP, and it undergoes allosteric regulation. Additionally, AMPK can add phosphate groups to serines and threonines in other enzymes.
2) The correct answer is Option E: a microscope with an N. A. of 1.0 and using blue illumination. The numerical aperture (N.A.) of a microscope determines its ability to gather light and thus affects the resolution. A higher N.A. corresponds to better resolution. Blue illumination also provides shorter wavelengths of light, which helps in achieving higher resolution.
1) The correct option for the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is Option A: is activated by both AMP and ADP.
To understand how to get to this answer, we need to know some background information. AMPK is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance within cells. It is activated when cellular energy levels are low, such as during exercise or calorie restriction.
Now let's analyze the options:
- Option A: This option suggests that AMPK is activated by both AMP and ADP. AMP is a molecule that indicates low energy levels, while ADP is a molecule produced when ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is used for energy. Both AMP and ADP are present when energy levels are low, so this option is correct.
- Option B: This option states that AMPK undergoes allosteric regulation. Allosteric regulation refers to the binding of molecules to a protein at a site other than the active site, which can regulate its activity. While AMPK is indeed subject to allosteric regulation, this choice alone does not fully describe its activation mechanism.
- Option C: This option claims that all of the choices are correct. However, Option B alone is not correct, so this option is not correct.
- Option D: This option describes the activity of AMPK in terms of its ability to add phosphate groups to serines and threonines in other enzymes. While AMPK does phosphorylate other enzymes as a means of regulation, this choice does not specifically address its activation mechanism.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: is activated by both AMP and ADP.
2) The correct option for the microscope that exhibits the BEST resolution is Option E: a microscope with an N.A. of 1.0 and using blue illumination.
To determine the best resolution, we need to understand the concept of numerical aperture (N.A.) and the relationship between wavelength and resolution in microscopy.
Numerical aperture (N.A.) is a measure of how much light a microscope can collect and resolve. A higher N.A. generally results in better resolution. Resolution refers to the ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects as separate entities.
Now let's analyze the options:
- Option A: This option suggests a microscope with an N.A. of 1.0 and using orange illumination. While the N.A. is high, the choice of orange illumination is not ideal since longer wavelengths (such as orange) result in lower resolution. Therefore, this option does not provide the best resolution.
- Option B: This option suggests a microscope with an N.A. of 0.8 and using red illumination. Both the lower N.A. and the use of red illumination indicate that this option will not offer the best resolution. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
- Option C: Similar to Option B, this option suggests a microscope with an N.A. of 1.0, but using red illumination. As mentioned earlier, red illumination leads to lower resolution, so this option is also incorrect.
- Option D: This option suggests a microscope with an N.A. of 0.8 and using blue illumination. While the N.A. is not as high as in Option A and Option E, the use of blue illumination improves resolution since shorter wavelengths (such as blue) result in better resolution. Therefore, this option provides better resolution than Option B or Option C.
- Option E: This option accurately suggests a microscope with an N.A. of 1.0 and using blue illumination. Both the high N.A. and the use of blue illumination contribute to achieving the best resolution among the given options.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option E: a microscope with an N.A. of 1.0 and using blue illumination.