how do i prepare a sulphuric acid solution having 75 % purity with 1.68 specific gravity from sulphuric acid with 97 % purity and 1.834 specific gravity.
This may be the long way around but here is what I would do. I would determine the M of each solution.
1.68 x 1000 x 0.75 x (1/98) = approx 13 M but you need a more exact number.
1.834 x 1000 x 0.97 x (1/98) = approx 18 M
First, how much do you want to prepare. Let's say 1000 mL.
mL1 x M1 = mL2 x M2
1000mL x 13M = mL2 x 18M
Solve for mL2 = approx 722 mL. Therefore, place some water in a 1000 mL volumetric flask, CAREFULLY add 722 mL of the more concentrated solution (be very careful because it will get quite hot), let it cool, add water to the mark of the flask, mix thoroughly, stopper.
To prepare a sulfuric acid solution with a desired purity and specific gravity, you need to calculate the amount of the concentrated sulfuric acid (97% purity, 1.834 specific gravity) and the diluent (usually water) required.
Let's assume you want to prepare a certain volume of the final solution (let's call it V final) using the 97% pure sulfuric acid and water. Here are the steps to calculate the required quantities:
1. Determine the volume of the concentrated sulfuric acid (V acid) needed:
Use the formula:
V acid = (V final × % purity final) / % purity acid
Substituting the given values:
V acid = (V final × 75%) / 97%
2. Determine the volume of the diluent (water) needed:
V water = V final - V acid
3. Calculate the masses of concentrated sulfuric acid (M acid) and water (M water) needed based on their volumes:
Use the formula:
M = V × ρ
Where V is the volume in liters and ρ is the density in g/mL.
Substituting the given values:
M acid = V acid × ρ acid
M water = V water × ρ water
Given that the specific gravity (S.G.) is the ratio of the density of the substance to the density of water, you can use the following relationship:
S.G. = ρ substance / ρ water
4. Calculate the density of the diluent (water):
ρ water = ρ acid / S.G. acid
5. Calculate the density of the final solution:
ρ final = (M acid + M water) / V final
6. Determine the specific gravity of the final solution:
S.G. final = ρ final / ρ water
Now, you have the required volumes and masses of sulfuric acid and water to prepare the desired solution.
Please note that working with highly concentrated sulfuric acid requires caution and proper safety measures due to its corrosive nature. It is advisable to use proper protective equipment and consult relevant safety guidelines when handling such substances.